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Caregiving and positioning effects on preterm infant states over 24 hours in a neonatal unit in Taiwan†

  1. Jen-Jiuan Liaw1,‡,*,
  2. Luke Yang2,§,
  3. Chyi Lo3,§,
  4. Yeong-Seng Yuh4,‡,
  5. Hueng-Chuen Fan5,§,
  6. Yue-Cune Chang6,¶,
  7. Shih-Ching Chao1,‖

Article first published online: 7 DEC 2011

DOI: 10.1002/nur.21458

Issue

Research in Nursing & Health

Research in Nursing & Health

Volume 35, Issue 2, pages 132–145, April 2012

Additional Information

How to Cite

Liaw, J.-J., Yang, L., Lo, C., Yuh, Y.-S., Fan, H.-C., Chang, Y.-C. and Chao, S.-C. (2012), Caregiving and positioning effects on preterm infant states over 24 hours in a neonatal unit in Taiwan. Res. Nurs. Health, 35: 132–145. doi: 10.1002/nur.21458

Author Information

  1. 1

    School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, 161 Sec. 6 Mingchuan E. RD, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

  2. 2

    Department of Social Welfare, Hsuan Chuang University, Taiwan, ROC

  3. 3

    School of Nursing, Department of Nursing, China Medical University & Adjunctive Supervisor, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

  4. 4

    Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical Center & Neonatologists, Department of Pediatric, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

  5. 5

    Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical Center, & Tri Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

  6. 6

    Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

  1. ‡

    Associate Professor.

  2. §

    Assistant Professor.

  3. Professor.

  4. ‖

    Lecturer.

*School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, 161 Sec. 6 Mingchuan E. RD, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

  1. †

    The investigators wish to express their deepest appreciation to all of the participants and their parents in this study. We acknowledge the National Science Council of Taiwan, ROC for grant support (NSC 97-2314-B-016-020-MY2 (097M0234)). We would also like to extend our thanks to Dr. Evelyn Thoman, faculty member at the University of Washington School of Nursing, for teaching us how to observe infant states. Finally, we offer special thanks for assistance from the nurses in the neonatal unit at Tri-Service General Hospital.

  2. ‡

    Associate Professor.

  3. §

    Assistant Professor.

  4. Professor.

  5. ‖

    Lecturer.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 4 MAR 2012
  2. Article first published online: 7 DEC 2011
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 10 NOV 2011

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Keywords:

  • preterm infants;
  • caregiving;
  • positioning;
  • non-nutritive sucking;
  • sleep;
  • NICU

Abstract

In this prospective, descriptive study, we used a repeated-measures design to explore the 24-hour effects of caregiving and positioning on preterm infants' states and the factors associated with state changes. Thirty preterm infants (gestational age 27.6–36.1 weeks) were observed for 3 days in the neonatal intensive care unit to record six states: quiet sleep (QS), active sleep, transition, active awake, quiet awake, and fussy or crying. The occurrences of QS increased when infants received no caregiving, social interaction, non-nutritive sucking (NNS), and were laterally positioned. However, QS significantly decreased and fussy or crying state increased when infants received routine and intrusive caregiving. These results suggest that caregiving, NNS, and positioning should be appropriately provided to facilitate infants' sleep, and reduce fussiness or crying. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:132–145, 2012

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