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Abstract

The finite element formulation for nonlinear beams in terms of directors, providing a framework for the objective description of their dynamics, is considered. Geometrically exact beams are analyzed as Hamiltonian systems subject to holonomic constraints with a Hamiltonian being invariant under the action of SO(3). The formulation of the Hamiltonian systems in terms of the invariants of SO(3) is perfectly suited for a temporal discretization which leads to energy-momentum conserving integration. In this connection the influence of alternative procedures for the treatment of the constraints is investigated for the example of a beam with concentrated masses. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)