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KDNP – A Lead Free Replacement for Lead Styphnate

  1. John W. Fronabarger1,
  2. Michael D. Williams1,*,
  3. William B. Sanborn1,
  4. Damon A. Parrish2,
  5. Magdy Bichay3

Article first published online: 21 SEP 2011

DOI: 10.1002/prep.201100055

Issue

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Volume 36, Issue 5, pages 459–470, October 2011

Additional Information

How to Cite

Fronabarger, J. W., Williams, M. D., Sanborn, W. B., Parrish, D. A. and Bichay, M. (2011), KDNP – A Lead Free Replacement for Lead Styphnate. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 36: 459–470. doi: 10.1002/prep.201100055

Author Information

  1. 1

    Pacific Scientific Energetic Materials Co., 7073 W. Willis Rd., Chandler, AZ 85226, USA

  2. 2

    Naval Research Laboratory Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Ave., Washington, D.C. 20375, USA

  3. 3

    Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head Division, 4393 Benson Rd., Suite 120, Indian Head, MD 20640-5092, USA

*Pacific Scientific Energetic Materials Co., 7073 W. Willis Rd., Chandler, AZ 85226, USA

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 18 OCT 2011
  2. Article first published online: 21 SEP 2011
  3. Manuscript Revised: 23 MAY 2011
  4. Manuscript Received: 16 MAY 2011

Funded by

  • Office of Naval Research. Grant Number: N00014-10-AF-0-0002
  • NSWC-IH. Grant Number: N00174-06-C-0079

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Keywords:

  • KDNP, Basic Lead Styphnate, Normal Lead Styphnate, Primary Explosives

Abstract

Efforts directed towards creating new environmentally friendly replacements for existing primary explosives have resulted in development of potassium 5,7-dinitro-[2,1,3]-benzoxadiazol-4-olate 3-oxide (KDNP). The chemical and physical properties of this material have been investigated and it appears that KDNP is a suitable drop-in replacement for lead styphnate in a variety of ordnance applications. KDNP is easily prepared, has excellent thermal stability and has safety and performance properties, which are equivalent to or exceed those for lead styphnate. KDNP has been qualified for military use per NAVSEAINST 8020.5C.

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