Articles to Improve Process Safety
The black swan: LOPA and inherent safety cannot prevent all rare and catastrophic incidents
Article first published online: 30 JUN 2011
DOI: 10.1002/prs.10462
Copyright © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
Additional Information
How to Cite
Murphy, J. F. (2011), The black swan: LOPA and inherent safety cannot prevent all rare and catastrophic incidents. Proc. Safety Prog., 30: 202–203. doi: 10.1002/prs.10462
Publication History
- Issue published online: 5 AUG 2011
- Article first published online: 30 JUN 2011
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- LOPA;
- inherent safety;
- safeguards;
- maintenance
Abstract
This article summarizes the appropriate use of layer of protection analysis and inherent safety to prevent low probability and high consequence accidents. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011

1547-5913/asset/PRS_left.gif?v=1&s=eec397d21f5de7c3ba50a866c28a6ea0caff404d)
1547-5913/asset/olbannercenter.gif?v=1&s=f18d7f26479b19745893996bf9374eef1f4cad3c)
1547-5913/asset/PRS_right.gif?v=1&s=e540b85b3f450889df2a9637783b5c62856f00a0)
