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Radio Science

© 2013 American Geophysical Union

Cover image for Radio Science

December 2011

Volume 46, Issue 6

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1. Meteoroid head echo polarization features studied by numerical electromagnetics modeling
  L. E. Vertatschitsch, J. D. Sahr, P. Colestock and S. Close
  Article first published online: 31 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004774
  Key Points
  Meteoroid fragmentation explains head echo polarization data
  Present polarization scattering results from different two-body geometries
  Head echo scattering mechanism more complicated than previously understood
2. Global prediction of the vertical total electron content of the ionosphere based on GPS data
  A. García-Rigo, E. Monte, M. Hernández-Pajares, J. M. Juan, J. Sanz, A. Aragón-Angel and D. Salazar
  Article first published online: 29 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004643
  Key Points
  Two-day ahead prediction model of global VTEC maps
  Based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and a linear regression module
  Tests against Final UPC products and JASON VTEC measurements
3. A new global empirical NmF2 model for operational use in radio systems
  M. M. Hoque and N. Jakowski
  Article first published online: 28 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004807
  Key Points
  Ionospheric peak electron density NmF2 model
  Empirical model with only 13 coefficients
  Useful for transionospheric radio wave propagation
4. Radar beam- and range-weighting effects on three-dimensional radar imaging for the atmosphere
  Jenn-Shyong Chen, Chun-Hua Chen and Jun-ichi Furumoto
  Article first published online: 28 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004715
  Key Points
  The 3-D radar imaging for the atmosphere was examined via simulation and observation
  Adaptable radar beam width was used to correct the 3-D imaging
  Radar echo center can be retrieved properly after correcting beam width effect
5. Refractivity estimation from sea clutter: An invited review
  Ali Karimian, Caglar Yardim, Peter Gerstoft, William S. Hodgkiss and Amalia E. Barrios
  Article first published online: 24 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004818
  Key Points
  Review of the refractivity from sea clutter
  Review of propagation modeling
  Review of inverse methods
6. Satellite triangulation of thunderstorms, from fading radio fields synchronously recorded on two orthogonal antennas
  Abram R. Jacobson, Xuan-Min Shao and Robert H. Holzworth
  Article first published online: 23 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004783
  Key Points
  Radio lightning location from space is difficult
  A promising new method is based on fading radio signals from lightning
  The method requires two orthogonal antennas' signals, synchronously recorded
7. Scintillation caused by the ionosphere with non-Gaussian statistics of irregularities
  A. W. Wernik and M. Grzesiak
  Article first published online: 21 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004716
  Key Points
  Probability distribution function of density irregularities is not Gaussian
  Scintillation is more intense in the non-Gaussian ionosphere
  Statistics of fluctuations have no effect on the phase scintillation
8. A dual-band near-field focused reflectarray antenna for RFID applications at 0.9 and 2.4 GHz
  Hsi-Tseng Chou, Pai-Han Hsueh, Tso-Ming Hung, Li-Ruei Kuo and Hsi-Hsir Chou
  Article first published online: 21 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004750
  Key Points
  Near-field application of reflectarray antenna
  Near-field characteristic of reflectarray antenna
  Dual-band design of reflectarray antenna
9. Multilayer detection and classification of specular and nonspecular meteor trails
  Siming Zhao, Julio Urbina, Lars Dyrud and Ryan Seal
  Article first published online: 13 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004548
  Key Points
  Time-frequency waveform detector is used to detect meteor trail reflections
  Support vector machine classifier is built to classify meteor trail reflections
  The algorithm was tested using data collected from a 50-MHz radar
10. Forecasting of low-latitude storm-time ionospheric foF2 using support vector machine
  Pan-Pan Ban, Shu-Ji Sun, Chun Chen and Zhen-Wei Zhao
  Article first published online: 8 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004633
  Key Points
  Electric field is included as the model input
  Low-latitude storm-time foF2 is forecasted reasonably
  SVM is used to construct the model
11. Validation of tropospheric slant path delays derived from single and dual frequency GPS receivers
  Zhiguo Deng, Michael Bender, Florian Zus, Maorong Ge, Galina Dick, Markus Ramatschi, Jens Wickert, Ulrich Löhnert and Steffen Schön
  Article first published online: 2 DEC 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004687
  Key Points
  Retrieve slant path delay from single and dual frequency GPS receivers
  Densification of an existing GPS network with low-cost L1-only receivers
  Validation GPS slant path delay with weather model and WVR
12. A fast 2-D parallel multilevel fast multipole algorithm solver for oblique plane wave incidence
  Jan Fostier, Bart Michiels, Ignace Bogaert and Daniël De Zutter
  Article first published online: 22 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004552
  Key Points
  An MLFMA solver for oblique plane waves was developed
  The solver is parallel, capable of large-scale simulations, and accurate
  The solver can handle both propagating and evanescent fields
13. Observations of low-elevation ionospheric anomalies for ground-based augmentation of GNSS
  Jiyun Lee, Seebany Datta-Barua, Godwin Zhang, Sam Pullen and Per Enge
  Article first published online: 22 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004776
  Key Points
  Present methods to validate observed ionospheric anomaly events
  Detail the study of anomalous ionospheric gradients for low-elevation satellites
14. A study of the strong linear relationship between the equatorial ionization anomaly and the prereversal E × B drift velocity at solar minimum
  Sarah E. McDonald, Clayton Coker, Kenneth F. Dymond, David N. Anderson and Eduardo A. Araujo-Pradere
  Article first published online: 22 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004702
  Key Points
  There is a linear relationship between the EIA and the PRE at solar minimum
  Model simulations of the linear relationship agree with measurements
  Model simulations show the relationship varies with solar cycle and longitude
15. GPS radio occultation for climate monitoring and change detection
  A. K. Steiner, B. C. Lackner, F. Ladstädter, B. Scherllin-Pirscher, U. Foelsche and G. Kirchengast
  Article first published online: 17 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004614
  Key Points
  A review on GPS RO based studies for climate change monitoring is given
  A review of RO data characteristics and error estimates is given
  Recent results on RO-based climate related studies are presented
16. Isolating the multipath component in GNSS signal-to-noise data and locating reflecting objects
  C. J. Benton and C. N. Mitchell
  Article first published online: 12 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004767
  Key Points
  Isolation of multiple-path effects from GNSS/GPS signal-to-noise data
  Using shape of multiple-path interference fringes to locate reflectors
  Reconstructing real environments (e.g., finding heights of coastal cliffs)
17. Field forms of the layered electromagnetic Green's functions by TE and TM potentials
  Yuejian Cao and Bojan B. Guzina
  Article first published online: 12 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004808
  Key Points
  Direct formulation of the field-form Green's functions in the spectral domain
  The singularity of improper integrals is extracted and evaluated analytically
  Use of contour integration and adaptive interpolation to compute residual integral
18. Role of thermosphere-ionosphere coupling in a global ionospheric specification
  Tomoko Matsuo and Eduardo A. Araujo-Pradere
  Article first published online: 11 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004576
  Key Points
  A global ionospheric specification by means of data assimilation
  Self-consistent treatment of the thermosphere and ionosphere in DA schemes
  Ensemble filtering using a thermosphere and ionosphere GCM
19. The effects of earthward directed interplanetary coronal mass ejections on near-Earth S band signal links
  David D. Morabito, Olga P. Verkhoglyadova, Dongsuk Han and Joseph E. Riedel
  Article first published online: 11 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004718
  Key Points
  Earthward directed solar storms can impact spacecraft tracking data
  The effects have contributions from both interplanetary and ionosphere components
  This paper reports on the magnitude of such effects
20. Three months of local sea level derived from reflected GNSS signals
  J. S. Löfgren, R. Haas, H.-G. Scherneck and M. S. Bos
  Article first published online: 8 NOV 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004693
  Key Points
  Standard geodetic GNSS receivers can measure reflections from the sea surface
  Possible to monitor the sea-level using regular single difference processing
  From the GNSS-based tide gauge results we find significant ocean tidal signals
21. Estimating ionospheric delay using kriging: 2. Impact on satellite-based augmentation system availability
  Lawrence Sparks, Juan Blanch and Nitin Pandya
  Article first published online: 28 OCT 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004781
  Key Points
  Kriging reduces the size of the estimation error, thereby decreasing GIVEs
  Kriging reduces the size of the irregularity metric
  Kriging permits use of a larger irregularity detector threshold
22. Estimating ionospheric delay using kriging: 1. Methodology
  Lawrence Sparks, Juan Blanch and Nitin Pandya
  Article first published online: 27 OCT 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004667
  Key Points
  Kriging improves ionospheric delay estimation accuracy
  Kriging improves WAAS availability by reducing GIVES
  Kriging reduces the frequency of WAAS irregularity detector trips
23. GNSS-R ground-based and airborne campaigns for ocean, land, ice, and snow techniques: Application to the GOLD-RTR data sets
  E. Cardellach, F. Fabra, O. Nogués-Correig, S. Oliveras, S. Ribó and A. Rius
  Article first published online: 25 OCT 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004683
  Key Points
  A large data set of GNSS-R observations is made available for research
  The potentially applicable models, applications, and techniques are reviewed
  The data content is detailed, together with open issues for research
24. Tsunami signature in the ionosphere: A simulation of OTH radar observations
  Pierdavide Coïsson, Giovanni Occhipinti, Philippe Lognonné, Jean-Philippe Molinié and Lucie M. Rolland
  Article first published online: 22 OCT 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004603
  Key Points
  Monitoring of ionospheric irregularities following tsunami propagation
  Simulation of OTH radar response using HF ionospheric ray-tracing
  Assessment of OTH radar detection of tsunamigenic ionospheric irregularities
25. Using TEC and radio scintillation data from the CITRIS radio beacon receiver to study low and midlatitude ionospheric irregularities
  Carl L. Siefring, Paul A. Bernhardt, Douglas E. Koch and Ivan J. Galysh
  Article first published online: 15 OCT 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004585
  Key Points
  First satellite beacon receiver for ionospheric measurements
  Combined TEC and scintillation measurement
  Case study at extreme solar minimum
26. Review of crop growth and soil moisture monitoring from a ground-based instrument implementing the Interference Pattern GNSS-R Technique
  N. Rodriguez-Alvarez, X. Bosch-Lluis, A. Camps, A. Aguasca, M. Vall-llossera, E. Valencia, I. Ramos-Perez and H. Park
  Article first published online: 15 OCT 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004680
  Key Points
  GNSS-R instrument and technique test
  Soil moisture retrieval result
  Vegetation height retrieval result
27. Improving the accuracy of sea surface salinity retrieval using GNSS-R data to correct the sea state effect
  E. Valencia, A. Camps, N. Rodriguez-Alvarez, I. Ramos-Perez, X. Bosch-Lluis and H. Park
  Article first published online: 24 SEP 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004688
  Key Points
  Use GNSS-R measurements to directly describe the sea state
  From GNSS-R data correct ocean L-band brightness temperature measurements
  Use corrected brightness temperature to improve sea surface salinity retrieval
28. Total electron content models and their use in ionosphere monitoring
  N. Jakowski, C. Mayer, M. M. Hoque and V. Wilken
  Article first published online: 22 SEP 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004620
  Key Points
  Review of the use of TEC models in particular for ionosphere monitoring
  Description of TEC model use for calibration of GNSS-based TEC estimations
  Description of TEC model use in TEC mapping and short-term forecasting
29. Data ingestion into NeQuick 2
  B. Nava, S. M. Radicella and F. Azpilicueta
  Article first published online: 21 SEP 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004635
  Key Points
  Electron density retrieval technique based on vTEC maps ingestion into NeQuick 2
  NeQuick 2 derived ionospheric climate and weather after vTEC maps ingestion
  First results of Radio Occultation-derived TEC data ingestion into NeQuick 2
30. Ionospheric structures correlated with Anatolian surface features
  T. W. Garner, C. M. Slack, K. Mehta, A. Scholze and A. M. Mahrous
  Article first published online: 16 AUG 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2011RS004653
  Key Points
  Ionospheric perturbations are common over Anatolia
  The perturbation are over sharp topographic features
  The surface winds indicate orographic lift
31. On determining spectral parameters, tracking jitter, and GPS positioning improvement by scintillation mitigation
  Hal J. Strangeways, Yih-Hwa Ho, Marcio H. O. Aquino, Zeynep G. Elmas, H. A. Marques, J. F. Galera Monico and H. A. Silva
  Article first published online: 4 AUG 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004575
  Key Points
  Validation of method of finding spectral parameters from scintillation indices
  Mitigation of scintillation effects on GPS positioning
  Finding in practice tracking jitter variance from scintillation indices
32. Periodic structures in the equatorial ionosphere
  Cheryl Y. Huang, Susan H. Delay, Patrick A. Roddy and Eric K. Sutton
  Article first published online: 3 AUG 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004569
  Key Points
  Tides in plasma density
  Equatorial ionosphere structure
  Co-locate deep minimum in plasma and neutrals
33. A short note on the assimilation of collocated and concurrent GPS and ionosonde data into the Electron Density Assimilative Model
  M. J. Angling and N. K. Jackson-Booth
  Article first published online: 28 JUL 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004566
  Key Points
  Assimilation of virtual height traces is possible
  Assimilation of a single data type can degrade model performance
  Assimilation of GPS and ionosonde data modifies the F region slab thickness
34. Comparative testing of four ionospheric models driven with GPS measurements
  J. Feltens, M. Angling, N. Jackson-Booth, N. Jakowski, M. Hoque, M. Hernández-Pajares, A. Aragón-Àngel, R. Orús and R. Zandbergen
  Article first published online: 28 JUL 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004584
  Key Points
  ESA study on GNSS contributions to future ionosphere modelling
  As part of this study, four assimilative modelling techniques were compared
  Based on the intercomparison results, recommendations for future developments
35. Comparison of spherical harmonic and B spline models for the vertical total electron content
  Michael Schmidt, Denise Dettmering, Matthias Mößmer, Yuanyuan Wang and Jiantong Zhang
  Article first published online: 22 JUL 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004609
  Key Points
  Development of a 3-D B spline model for VTEC
  Comparison of global VTEC model concepts
  Influences of areas where no data are available
36. New leveling and bias estimation algorithms for processing COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 data for slant total electron content measurements
  P. Stephens, A. Komjathy, B. Wilson and Anthony Mannucci
  Article first published online: 14 JUL 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004588
  Key Points
  Processing COSMIC slant tec data
  Improved phase leveling algorithm for high multipath environments
  COSMIC differential bias estimation
37. Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System observational support for the equatorial E × B drift velocities associated with the four-cell tidal structures
  Eduardo A. Araujo-Pradere, David N. Anderson, Mariangel Fedrizzi and Russell Stoneback
  Article first published online: 13 JUL 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004557
  Key Points
  Confirming that the four-cell pattern exists on a day-to-day basis
  This research provides observational support in quantifying the sharp longitude
  Examples of sharp gradients in E × B drifts are provided
38. Multiple phase screen modeling of ionospheric scintillation along radio occultation raypaths
  Charles S. Carrano, Keith M. Groves, Ronald G. Caton, Charles L. Rino and Paul R. Straus
  Article first published online: 8 JUL 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004591
  Key Points
  We use the multiple phase screen method to simulate occultation scintillation
  We constrain the model for plasma fluctuations using ALTAIR and SCINDA
  We validate the model using observations from CORISS
39. Ionospheric bending correction for GNSS radio occultation signals
  M. M. Hoque and N. Jakowski
  Article first published online: 6 JUL 2011 | DOI: 10.1029/2010RS004583
  Key Points
  Studies higher-order ionospheric effects on GPS radio occultation signals
  Gives correction formulas to mitigate raypath bending effects
  Improves GNSS dual-frequency range and TEC estimation

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