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Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Do Stress and Coping Matter?†

  1. Bijal M. Shah1,‡,‡,*,
  2. Gireesh V. Gupchup2,
  3. Matthew E. Borrego3,
  4. Dennis W. Raisch4,
  5. Katherine K. Knapp1

Article first published online: 16 JUN 2011

DOI: 10.1002/smi.1410

Issue

Stress and Health

Stress and Health

Volume 28, Issue 2, pages 111–122, April 2012

Additional Information

How to Cite

Shah, B. M., Gupchup, G. V., Borrego, M. E., Raisch, D. W. and Knapp, K. K. (2012), Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Do Stress and Coping Matter?. Stress and Health, 28: 111–122. doi: 10.1002/smi.1410

Author Information

  1. 1

    College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA

  2. 2

    School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA

  3. 3

    College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

  4. 4

    VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA

  1. ‡

    At the time this study was conducted, she was a doctoral candidate of the College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

*Bijal M. Shah, College of Pharmacy, Touro University, 1310 Johnson Lane, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
Email: bijal.shah@tu.edu

  1. †

    Previously presented in part at the American Diabetes Association Annual Meeting, 9–13 June 2006, Washington, District of Columbia.

  2. ‡

    At the time this study was conducted, she was a doctoral candidate of the College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 15 MAR 2012
  2. Article first published online: 16 JUN 2011
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 20 APR 2011
  4. Manuscript Revised: 18 APR 2011
  5. Manuscript Received: 12 MAY 2010

Funded by

  • University of New Mexico, College of Pharmacy

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Keywords:

  • diabetes;
  • depression;
  • transactional model of stress and coping

Abstract

This article examines the relationship among diabetes-related stress, appraisal, coping and depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the transactional model of stress and coping (TMSC) as the theoretical framework. In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 201 patients with T2DM was recruited from three outpatient clinics. Patients with depressive symptoms reported significantly more diabetes-related stress than patients without depressive symptoms. The results of path analysis suggest that patients who experience greater diabetes-related stress or greater depressive symptoms have a negative appraisal of their diabetes. Negative appraisal is, in turn, associated with greater use of avoidance, passive resignation and diabetes integration coping and lesser use of problem-focused coping. Avoidance, passive resignation and diabetes integration coping are, in turn, related to greater depressive symptoms or greater diabetes-related stress. Overall, the results of this study support the TMSC as a framework to elucidate the relationships among diabetes-related stress, appraisal, coping and depressive symptoms in patients with T2DM. However, given the cross-sectional nature of the study, we are unable to elucidate the directionality of the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms. Implications of the findings and the need for longitudinal studies to evaluate these relationships are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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