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Template-Assisted Large-Scale Ordered Arrays of ZnO Pillars for Optical and Piezoelectric Applications

  1. Hong Jin Fan Dr.1,
  2. Woo Lee Dr.1,
  3. Robert Hauschild2,
  4. Marin Alexe Dr.1,
  5. Gwenaël Le Rhun Dr.1,
  6. Roland Scholz Dr.1,
  7. Armin Dadgar Dr.3,
  8. Kornelius Nielsch Dr.1,
  9. Heinz Kalt Prof.2,
  10. Alois Krost Prof.3,
  11. Margit Zacharias Dr.1,
  12. Ulrich Gösele Prof.1

Article first published online: 1 MAR 2006

DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500331

Issue

Small

Small

Volume 2, Issue 4, pages 561–568, April 2006

Additional Information

How to Cite

Fan, H., Lee, W., Hauschild, R., Alexe, M., Le Rhun, G., Scholz, R., Dadgar, A., Nielsch, K., Kalt, H., Krost, A., Zacharias, M. and Gösele, U. (2006), Template-Assisted Large-Scale Ordered Arrays of ZnO Pillars for Optical and Piezoelectric Applications. Small, 2: 561–568. doi: 10.1002/smll.200500331

Author Information

  1. 1

    Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany, Fax: (+49) 345-5511-223

  2. 2

    Institute of Applied Physics, University of Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

  3. 3

    Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 1 MAR 2006
  2. Article first published online: 1 MAR 2006
  3. Manuscript Revised: 27 NOV 2005
  4. Manuscript Received: 7 SEP 2005

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Keywords:

  • actuators;
  • nanowires;
  • photoluminescence;
  • piezoelectrics;
  • template synthesis

Abstract

Spatially separated ZnO pillars, typically 300 nm in diameter and 2 μm in height, are fabricated via a template-directed approach that leads to long-range hexagonal order. The templates of Au nanodisk arrays are obtained by using metal membranes as a lithography mask. The growth of ZnO pillars is performed in a double-tube system through vapor diffusion–deposition. The growth mechanism of the pillars is studied in detail and is proposed to be a combination of vapor–liquid–solid and vapor–solid models. The piezoelectric and optical properties of single pillars are characterized using piezoresponse force microscopy and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. The pillars show strong excitonic emissions up to room temperature, which indicate a relatively low defect density and good crystalline quality. The obtained piezoelectric coefficient d33 is (7.5±0.6) pm V−1, which is to our knowledge the first reported value for a single nanopillar.

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