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Soybeans as a Phytochemical Reservoir for the Production and Stabilization of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles

  1. Ravi Shukla2,
  2. Satish K. Nune2,
  3. Nripen Chanda2,
  4. Kavita Katti2,
  5. Swapna Mekapothula3,
  6. Rajesh R. Kulkarni4,
  7. Wade V. Welshons3,
  8. Raghuraman Kannan1,*,
  9. Kattesh V. Katti1,*

Article first published online: 18 JUL 2008

DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800525

Issue

Small

Small

Volume 4, Issue 9, pages 1425–1436, September 2008

Additional Information

How to Cite

Shukla, R., Nune, S. K., Chanda, N., Katti, K., Mekapothula, S., Kulkarni, R. R., Welshons, W. V., Kannan, R. and Katti, K. V. (2008), Soybeans as a Phytochemical Reservoir for the Production and Stabilization of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles. Small, 4: 1425–1436. doi: 10.1002/smll.200800525

Author Information

  1. 1

    Room 201, Alton Building Laboratories, 301, Business Loop 70W University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, MO 65212 (USA)

  2. 2

    Department of Radiology, 301, Business Loop 70W University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, MO 65212 (USA)

  3. 3

    Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65212 (USA)

  4. 4

    Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65212 (USA)

*Room 201, Alton Building Laboratories, 301, Business Loop 70W University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, MO 65212 (USA). Fax: (+1) 573-884-5679

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 1 SEP 2008
  2. Article first published online: 18 JUL 2008
  3. Manuscript Received: 13 APR 2008

Funded by

  • National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute under the Cancer Nanotechnology Platform program. Grant Number: 5R01CA119412-01
  • Clinical biodetectives training grant. Grant Number: NIH-R90 DK71510

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Keywords:

  • cytotoxicity;
  • gold nanoparticles;
  • green nanotechnology;
  • nanomedicine;
  • soybeans

Graphical Abstract

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A green nanotechnological process for the production of gold nanoparticles using phytochemicals in soybeans is described. The interaction of sodium tetrachloroaurate with soybeans or soybean extract in water results in the production of nontoxic gold nanoparticles of spherical shape. No man-made chemicals, other than the gold salts, are used, thus satisfying the fundamental principles of green chemistry.

Abstract

The present study demonstrates an unprecedented green process for the production of gold nanoparticles by simple treatment of gold salts with soybean extracts. Reduction capabilities of antioxidant phytochemicals present in soybean and their ability to reduce gold salts chemically to nanoparticles with subsequent coating of proteins and a host of other phytochemicals present in soybean on the freshly generated gold nanoparticles are discussed. The new genre of green nanoparticles exhibit remarkable in vitro stability in various buffers including saline, histidine, HSA, and cysteine solutions. MTT assays reveal that the green gold nanoparticles are nontoxic and thus provide excellent opportunities for their applications in nanomedicine for molecular imaging and therapy. The overall strategy described herein for the generation of gold nanoparticles meets all 12 principles of green chemistry, as no “man-made” chemicals, other than the gold salts, are used in the green nanotechnological process.

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