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Nanofountain-Probe-Based High-Resolution Patterning and Single-Cell Injection of Functionalized Nanodiamonds†

  1. Owen Loh1,
  2. Robert Lam1,
  3. Mark Chen3,
  4. Nicolaie Moldovan1,
  5. Houjin Huang1,
  6. Dean Ho2,*,
  7. Horacio D. Espinosa1,*

Article first published online: 12 MAY 2009

DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900361

Issue

Small

Small

Volume 5, Issue 14, pages 1667–1674, July 17, 2009

Additional Information

How to Cite

Loh, O., Lam, R., Chen, M., Moldovan, N., Huang, H., Ho, D. and Espinosa, H. D. (2009), Nanofountain-Probe-Based High-Resolution Patterning and Single-Cell Injection of Functionalized Nanodiamonds. Small, 5: 1667–1674. doi: 10.1002/smll.200900361

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston, IL 60208-3111 (USA)

  2. 2

    Depts. of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston, IL 60208-3111 (USA)

  3. 3

    Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston, IL 60208-3113 (USA)

*Depts. of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston, IL 60208-3111 (USA).

  1. †

    O. L. and R. L. contributed equally to this work.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 30 JUL 2009
  2. Article first published online: 12 MAY 2009
  3. Manuscript Revised: 9 APR 2009
  4. Manuscript Received: 1 MAR 2009

Funded by

  • National Science Foundation Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing (SINAM). Grant Number: DMI-0327077
  • National Institutes of Health. Grant Number: U54 A1065359

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Keywords:

  • arrays;
  • drug delivery;
  • nanodiamonds;
  • nanoparticles;
  • nanopatterning

Graphical Abstract

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Two modes of functionalized nanoparticle delivery for single-cell studies are demonstrated using a versatile nanofountain probe: direct-write nanopatterning of drug-coated nanoparticles with sub-100-nm resolution, and direct in vitro injection of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles (see image).

Abstract

Nanodiamonds are rapidly emerging as promising carriers for next-generation therapeutics and drug delivery. However, developing future nanoscale devices and arrays that harness these nanoparticles will require unrealized spatial control. Furthermore, single-cell in vitro transfection methods lack an instrument that simultaneously offers the advantages of having nanoscale dimensions and control and continuous delivery via microfluidic components. To address this, two modes of controlled delivery of functionalized diamond nanoparticles are demonstrated using a broadly applicable nanofountain probe, a tool for direct-write nanopatterning with sub-100-nm resolution and direct in vitro single-cell injection. This study demonstrates the versatility of the nanofountain probe as a tool for high-fidelity delivery of functionalized nanodiamonds and other agents in nanomanufacturing and single-cell biological studies. These initial demonstrations of controlled delivery open the door to future studies examining the nanofountain probe's potential in delivering specific doses of DNA, viruses, and other therapeutically relevant biomolecules.

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