1469-0705/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=59e39ba3610da7ddc083043265583df1fc636f8e)
1469-0705/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=325d39d901af70d06023c952adb9197e6d34d8fe)
Original Paper
You have free access to this content
The thymic–thoracic ratio in fetal heart defects: a simple way to identify fetuses at high risk for microdeletion 22q11
Article first published online: 4 MAR 2011
DOI: 10.1002/uog.8952
Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Additional Information
How to Cite
Chaoui, R., Heling, K.-S., Sarut Lopez, A., Thiel, G. and Karl, K. (2011), The thymic–thoracic ratio in fetal heart defects: a simple way to identify fetuses at high risk for microdeletion 22q11. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 37: 397–403. doi: 10.1002/uog.8952
Publication History
- Issue published online: 23 MAR 2011
- Article first published online: 4 MAR 2011
- Accepted manuscript online: 28 JAN 2011 05:33AM EST
- Manuscript Accepted: 25 JAN 2011
REFERENCES
- 1, , , . Ultrasound of the fetal thymus. J Ultrasound Med 1989; 8: 669–673.
- 2. Fetal echocardiography: state of the art of the state of the heart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17: 277–284.Direct Link:
- 3, , , . The development of the fetal thymus: an in utero sonographic evaluation. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22: 114–117.
- 4. The examination of the normal fetal heart using two-dimensional echocardiography. In Fetal Cardiology: Embryology, Genetics, Physiology, Echocardiographic Evaluation, Diagnosis and Perinatal Management of Cardiac Diseases, Yagel S, Gembruch U, Silverman N (eds). Informa Healthcare: New York, 2008; 173–184.
- 5, . A Practical Guide to Fetal Echocardiography: Normal and Abnormal Hearts. Lippincott-Williams Wilkins: Philadelphia, 2010.
- 6, , , , , . Diameter of the normal fetal thymus on ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007; 29: 634–638.
- 7, , , , , , . Sonographic measurements of the thymus in male and female fetuses. J Ultrasound Med 2009; 28: 43–48.
- 8, , , , , , , . Fetal thymus size in uncomplicated twin and singleton pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36: 302–307.
- 9, , , , , . Assessment of the fetal thymus by two- and three-dimensional ultrasound during normal human gestation and in fetuses with congenital heart defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; DOI: 10.1002/uog.8853.
- 10, , , , , . Absent or hypoplastic thymus on ultrasound: a marker for deletion 22q11.2 in fetal cardiac defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20: 546–552.Direct Link:
- 11
- 12, , , . Fetal thymus and the 22q11.2 deletion. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22: 839–840.
- 13, , , , , , . Assessment of the thymus at echocardiography in fetuses at risk for 22q11.2 deletion. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23: 9–15.
- 14, , , , , , . Fetal thymic involution: a sonographic marker of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194: 153–159.
- 15, , , , , , . Fetal thymus size as a predictor of chorioamnionitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007; 29: 639–643.
- 16, . Fetal thymic cyst: prenatal diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med 2005; 24: 127–130.
- 17, , , , . [Quality standards of the DEGUM for performance of fetal echocardiography]. Ultraschall Med 2008; 29: 197–200.
- 18, , , . Absence of the thymus. Lancet 1967; 1: 1387.
- 19, , , . DiGeorge syndrome: part of CATCH 22. J Med Genet 1993; 30: 852–856.
- 20, , , , , , , , . 22q11 deletions in fetuses with malformations of the outflow tracts or interruption of the aortic arch: impact of additional ultrasound signs. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23: 752–757.
- 21, . Echocardiographic identification of thymic tissue in neonates with congenital heart disease. Am Heart J 1995; 129: 837–839.
- 22, , , . Echocardiographic identification of thymic hypoplasia in tetralogy of fallot/tetralogy pulmonary atresia. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 1268–1271, A1269.
- 23, , , , , , , , , . Acute thymic involution in fetuses and neonates with chorioamnionitis. Hum Pathol 2000; 31: 1121–1128.
- 24, , , , , . Ultrasonographic measurement of thymus size in IUGR fetuses: a marker of the fetal immunoendocrine response to malnutrition. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33: 421–426.
- 25. How to identify the thymus in the fetus: the thy-box. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; DOI: 10.1002/ uog.8854.