1944-8007/asset/olbannerleft.jpg?v=1&s=8efe58b4bccbbac51c9740677fc27dec62622c0b)
1944-8007/asset/olbannerright.jpg?v=1&s=4147b7adc92f6020ebf1ced4d118944fcf4a9a0b)
History of sulfate aerosol radiative forcings
Article first published online: 8 MAY 2002
DOI: 10.1029/2001GL014048
Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.
Additional Information
How to Cite
and , History of sulfate aerosol radiative forcings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), doi:10.1029/2001GL014048, 2002.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 8 MAY 2002
- Article first published online: 8 MAY 2002
- Manuscript Accepted: 14 DEC 2001
- Manuscript Received: 7 SEP 2001
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
[1] The history of the global sulfur cycle has been simulated using an emission inventory of SO2 for 1990 and previously published historical trends in emission on a per country basis. The global- annual-mean radiative forcings due to sulfate aerosols increase (in absolute values) from near-zero and −0.17 Wm−2 up to −0.4 and −1 Wm−2 between 1850 and 1990, for the direct and indirect effects, respectively. The forcing efficiency (defined as the ratio of the radiative forcing to the anthropogenic sulfate burden) is fairly constant for the direct effect at −150 W(g sulfate)−1 but decreases significantly for the indirect effect with increasing sulfate burden. The model results are compared with long-term observations for the period 1980 to 1998 in the U.S. and Europe.