Composition and Chemistry

The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment: Trace gases emitted by smoldering logs and dung from deforestation and pasture fires in Brazil

  1. Ted J. Christian1,
  2. Robert J. Yokelson1,
  3. João A. Carvalho Jr.2,
  4. David W. T. Griffith3,
  5. Ernesto C. Alvarado4,
  6. José C. Santos2,
  7. Turibio Gomes Soares Neto2,
  8. Carlos A. Gurgel Veras5,
  9. Wei Min Hao6

Article first published online: 26 SEP 2007

DOI: 10.1029/2006JD008147

Issue

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–2012)

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–2012)

Volume 112, Issue D18, 27 September 2007

Additional Information

How to Cite

Christian, T. J., R. J. Yokelson, J. A. Carvalho Jr., D. W. T. Griffith, E. C. Alvarado, J. C. Santos, T. G. S. Neto, C. A. G. Veras, and W. M. Hao (2007), The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment: Trace gases emitted by smoldering logs and dung from deforestation and pasture fires in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18308, doi:10.1029/2006JD008147.

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA

  2. 2

    Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil

  3. 3

    Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia

  4. 4

    College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

  5. 5

    Departamento de Engenharia Mecánica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

  6. 6

    Fire Sciences Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Missoula, Montana, USA

  1. This is a companion to DOI:10.1029/2007JD008539.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 26 SEP 2007
  2. Article first published online: 26 SEP 2007
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 22 JUN 2007
  4. Manuscript Revised: 5 JUN 2007
  5. Manuscript Received: 13 OCT 2006

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Keywords:

  • biomass burning;
  • biofuel;
  • India

[1] Earlier work showed that Amazonian biomass burning produces both lofted and initially unlofted emissions in large amounts. A mobile, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) measured the unlofted emissions of 17 trace gases from residual smoldering combustion (RSC) of logs as part of the Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE) during the 2004 Amazonian dry season. The RSC emissions were highly variable and the few earlier RSC measurements lay near the high end of combustion efficiency observed in this study. Fuel consumption by RSC was ∼5% of total for a planned deforestation fire. Much regional RSC probably occurs in the residual woody debris burned during pasture maintenance fires. RSC could increase estimated total fire emissions for the Amazon region by 20–50% for several important VOC. FTIR emissions measurements of burning dung (in a pasture) showed high emission ratios for acetic acid and ammonia to CO (6.6 ± 3.4% and 8.9 ± 2.1%). Large emissions of nitrogen containing trace gases from burning dung and crop waste could mean that biomass burning in India produces more particle mass than previously assumed. Measurements of late-stage kiln emissions suggested that VOC/CO may increase as carbonization is extended. A cook stove emitted many VOC and NH3 far outside the range observed for open wood cooking fires. Enclosed/vented cooking stoves may change the chemistry of the smoke that is emitted.

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