Effect of ice sheet interactions in anthropogenic climate change simulations

[1] We investigate the effect of ice sheets on climate change under elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations with an atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) coupled to a thermomechanical ice sheet model and a vegetation model. The effect of increased meltwater fluxes from ice sheets turned out to be negligible in the phase of initial weakening of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and more important during the recovery in subsequent centuries. Lower surface height of the Greenland ice sheet (GRIS) leads locally to a warming, especially in winter, and remotely to a cooling over northern Eurasia due to modified atmospheric circulation. With quadrupling of the atmospheric CO₂ concentration the entire GRIS is exposed to surface melt in summer. On formerly ice-covered grid points climate locally warms strongly via increased albedos, with positive feedbacks due to boreal forest expansion.