Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:iwright@rna.bio.mq.edu.au
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Relationships between leaf lifespan and structural defences in a low-nutrient, sclerophyll flora
Article first published online: 20 DEC 2001
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2001.00522.x
Additional Information
How to Cite
Wright, I. J. and Cannon, K. (2001), Relationships between leaf lifespan and structural defences in a low-nutrient, sclerophyll flora. Functional Ecology, 15: 351–359. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2001.00522.x
- †
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:iwright@rna.bio.mq.edu.au
Publication History
- Issue published online: 20 DEC 2001
- Article first published online: 20 DEC 2001
References
- (1996) Canopy structure and dynamics: integration of growth processes in tropical pioneer trees. Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology (eds S. S.Mulkey, R. L.Chazdon & A. P.Smith), pp. 619–658. Chapman & Hall, New York.
- (1996) Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: are there general patterns? Journal of Ecology 84, 597–608.
- & (1993) A simple model to explain the dominance of low-productive perennials in nutrient-poor habitats. Oikos 66, 144–147.
- , , (1999) Methods of assessing leaf-fracture properties. New Phytologist 144, 369–393. Direct Link:
- , , , (1998) An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85, 531–553.
- (1968) A simple penetrometer for measuring leaf toughness in insect feeding studies. Economic Entomology 61, 1736–1738.
- (1996) What makes a leaf tough and how this affects the pattern of Castanopsis fissa leaf consumption by caterpillars. Functional Ecology 10, 668–674.
- , , , , , (1992) Leaf fracture toughness and sclerophylly: their correlations and ecological implications. New Phytologist 121, 597–610. Direct Link:
- (1987) Interspecific variation in plant anti-herbivore properties: the role of habitat quality and rate of disturbance. New Phytologist 106, 251–263. Direct Link:
- & (1991) Comparison of herbivory and plant defenses in temperate and tropical broad-leaved forests. Plant–Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions (eds O. W.Price, T. M.Lewinsohn, G. W.Fernandes & W. W.Benson), pp. 25–49. Wiley, New York.
- & (1996) Herbivory and plant defenses in tropical forests. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics 27, 305–335.
- & (1996) Anti-herbivore defenses of young tropical leaves: physiological constraints and trade-offs. Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology (eds A. P.Smith, S. S.Mulkey & R. L.Chazdon), pp. 305–336. Chapman & Hall, New York.
- , , (1985) Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science 230, 895–899.
- , , (1999) Evolutionary divergences in leaf structure and chemistry, comparing rainfall and soil nutrient gradients. Ecological Monographs 69, 569–588.
- , , , (1996) A portable fracture toughness tester for biological materials. Measurement Science & Technology 7, 954–962.DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/7/6/016
- (1998) Life span and dynamics of leaves of herbaceous perennials in high-elevation environments – news from the elephant’s leg. Functional Ecology 12, 413–425.DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00207.x
- , , (1999) Leaf life span and nutrient resorption as determinants of plant nutrient conservation in temperate–arctic regions. New Phytologist. 143, 177–189. Direct Link:
- , , (2000) Characterising sclerophylly: some mechanical properties of leaves from heath and forest. Oecologia 123, 158–167.
- , , , (1992) Effects of leaf longevity and retranslocation efficiency on the retention time of nutrients. Oecologia 90, 80–87.
- (1970) Seasonal changes in oak leaf tannins and nutrients as a cause of spring winter moth caterpillars. Ecology 51, 565–581.
- (1985) Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist 125, 1–15.
- & (1994) Leaf anatomy, specific mass and water content in congeneric annual and perennial grass species. New Phytologist 128, 725–736. Direct Link:
- (1989) The phylogenetic regression. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 326, 119–157.
- & (1986) Costs of defense and their effects on plant productivity. On the Economy of Plant Form and Function (ed. T. J.Givnish), pp. 681–698. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- (1990). Flora of NSW. Royal Botanical Gardens, Sydney.
- & (1991) The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
- (1996) The ecology of plant/insect interactions – implications of digestive strategy for feeding by phytophagous insects. Oikos 75, 133–141.
- & (1998) Phylogeny of the Proteaceae based on atpB and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region sequences. Australian Systematic Botany 11, 301–320.
- (1996) Nutrients in senesced leaves: keys to the search for potential resorption and resorption proficiency. Ecology 77, 1716–1727.
- & (1998) Distribution of leaf photosynthetic properties in tree canopies – comparison of species with different shade tolerance. Functional Ecology 12, 472–479.DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00214.x
- & (1995) Regional and local variation in insect herbivory, vegetation and soils of eucalypt associations in contrasted landscape positions along a climatic gradient. Australian Journal of Ecology 20, 299–315.
- & (1999) Should plants in resource-poor environments invest more in antiherbivore defence? Oikos 87, 195–200.
- & (1983) Variation in leaf toughness and phenolic content among five species of Australian rain forest trees. Australian Journal of Ecology 8, 17–26.
- & (2000) Do small leaves expand faster than large leaves, and do shorter expansion times reduce herbivore damage? Oikos 90, 517–526. Direct Link:
- & (1982) Constraints on leaf structure and function in reference to herbivory. Bioscience 32, 198–206.
- , , (1995) Photosynthetic capacity and leaf longevity in the canopy of a dry tropical forest. Selbyana 16, 169–173.
- (1999) Components of leaf dry mass per area – thickness and density – alter leaf photosynthetic capacity in reverse directions in woody plants. New Phytologist 144, 35–47. Direct Link:
- , , (1985) Effects of food quality, particularly nitrogen concentrations of Eucalyptus blakelyi foliage, on the growth of Paropsis atomaria larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Oecologia 65, 543–549.
- & (1999) A comparison of specific leaf area, chemical composition and leaf construction costs of field plants from 15 habitats differing in productivity. New Phytologist 143, 163–176. Direct Link:
- , , , (1991) Leaf lifespan as a determinant of leaf structure and function among 23 amazonian tree species. Oecologia 86, 16–24.
- , , (1992) Leaf life-span in relation to leaf, plant, and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 62, 365–392.
- , , (1997) From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94, 13730–13734.
- , , , , , , (1999) Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes. Ecology. 80, 1955–1969.
- , , (1986) Herbivory in forested ecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology 31, 177–196.
- , , (1986) Leaf palatability, life expectancy and herbivore damage. Oecologia 70, 544–548.
- , , , (1993) How tough are sclerophylls? Annals of Botany 71, 343–345.DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1993.1043
- (1990) Fracture properties of plants. Advances in Botanical Research 17, 235–287.
- & (1991) Leaf nitrogen distribution and whole canopy photosynthetic carbon gain in herbaceous stands. Vegetatio 97, 11–20.
- , , , , (1998) Phylogeny and variation in light capture area deployed per unit investment in leaves: designs for selecting study species with a view to generalizing. Variation in Growth Rate and Productivity of Higher Plants (eds H.Lambers, H.Poorter & M. M. I.Van Vuuren), pp. 539–566. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- & (1991) Leaf specific mass confounds leaf density and thickness. Oecologia 88, 486–493.
- & (1995) A comparative study of the fracture properties of five grasses. Functional Ecology 9, 269–278.
- & (1996) Herbivory and the mechanics of fracture in plants. Biological Review 71, 401–413. Direct Link:

1365-2435/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=c8b848a8f001fdfa90240fe2ab26b1f04b6fe8e4)
1365-2435/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=2cf6e00d281371851f86902da3937ac5884bcfe0)
1365-2435/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=571713c051a4c9b4843f1aa4a484de7ca8661854)