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North Atlantic Oscillation timing of long- and short-distance migration
Article first published online: 1 NOV 2002
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00664.x
1365-2656/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=e1c445961d632cd41e33852af907c4900097559b "Journal of Animal Ecology")
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How to Cite
Forchhammer, M. C., Post, E. and Stenseth, N. CHR. (2002), North Atlantic Oscillation timing of long- and short-distance migration. Journal of Animal Ecology, 71: 1002–1014. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00664.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 1 NOV 2002
- Article first published online: 1 NOV 2002
- Received 10 May 2002; revision received 24 June 2002
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Keywords:
- climate change;
- long- and short-distance migrating birds;
- North Atlantic Oscillation;
- temporal dependence;
- timing of migration
Summary
- 1The timing of migration is associated with survival and reproductive risks of migrating species. Hence, variation in factors influencing this timing, such as climate, may have significant life history consequences for migrating species.
- 2Using an autoregressive phenological model, we analysed and contrasted the effects of climate (the North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) and temporal dependence on the long-term (1928–77) dynamics of springtime arrival in three long-distance (83 populations) and three short-distance (52 populations) migratory bird species breeding throughout Norway.
- 3Following high NAO winters both long- and short-distance migrants arrived earlier than after low NAO winters. For long-distance migrants, the effect of high NAO winters was probably indirect through improved forage conditions in winter quarters, whereas the effect on short-distance migrants may be related both to improved forage and weather conditions during their northward spring migration. The NAO explained on average 13% (0–46%) and 18% (0–43%) of the interannual variation in arrival dates of long- and short-distance migrants, respectively.
- 4For both migrant types, long-term variability in springtime arrival increased with increasing strength of the influence of the NAO on timing of migration. In contrast, the strength of temporal dependence was unrelated to variability in long-term springtime arrival.