You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Turnover of FlhD and FlhC, master regulator proteins for Salmonella flagellum biogenesis, by the ATP-dependent ClpXP protease
Article first published online: 4 APR 2003
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03437.x
Additional Information
How to Cite
Tomoyasu, T., Takaya, A., Isogai, E. and Yamamoto, T. (2003), Turnover of FlhD and FlhC, master regulator proteins for Salmonella flagellum biogenesis, by the ATP-dependent ClpXP protease. Molecular Microbiology, 48: 443–452. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03437.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 4 APR 2003
- Article first published online: 4 APR 2003
- Accepted 16 December, 2002.
References
- , , , , , , and (1994) The H-NS protein is involved in the biogenesis of flagella in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol176: 5537–5540.
- , and (2000a) Functions of the subunits in the FlhD2C2 transcriptional master regulator of bacterial flagellum biogenesis and swarming. J Mol Biol303: 467–478.
- , and (2000b) Rapid turnover of FlhD and FlhC, the flagellar regulon transcriptional activator proteins, during Proteus swarming. J Bacteriol182: 833–836.
- , , and (1992) Physical inter-action between heat shock proteins DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE and the bacterial heat shock transcription factor σ32. Cell69: 833–842.
- (1992) The mechanism and functions of ATP-dependent proteases in bacterial and animal cells. Eur J Biochem203: 9–223.
- , , , and (2000) Subunit-specific degradation of the UmuD/D’heterodimer by the ClpXP protease: the role of trans recognition in UmuD′ stability. EMBO J19: 5251–5258.
- (1996) Proteases and their targets in Escherichia coli. Annu Rev Genet30: 465–506.
- , and (1992) Regulation by proteolysis: energy dependent proteases and their targets. Microbiol Rev56: 592–621.
- , and (1987) Plasmid-associated virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. Infect Immun55: 2891–2901.
- , and (1999) Quality control mechanisms during translation. Science286: 1893–1897.
- , , and (1999) Promoter analysis of the class 2 flagellar operons of Salmonella. Genes Genet Syst74: 179–183.
- , and (1998) An essential protease involved in bacterial cell-cycle control. EMBO J17: 5658–5669.
- , , and (1996) Role of a peptide tagging system in degradation of proteins synthesized from damaged messenger RNA. Science271: 990–993.
- , , , , , , and (1995) Homology in structural organization between E.coli ClpAP protease and the eukaryotic 26 S proteasome. J Mol Biol250: 587–594.
- (1997) Autogenous and global control of the flagellar master operon, flhD. Salmonella typhimurium. Mol Gen Genet254: 440–448.
- , and (1994) Role of the FliA-FlgM regulatory system on the transcriptional control of the flagellar regulon and flagellar formation in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol176: 3538–3605.
- , , , and (1980) Functional homology of fla genes between Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet178: 59–67.
- , , , and (1988) Operon structure of flagellar genes in Salmonella typhimurium. Mol Gen Genet214: 11–15.
- , , and (1990) Transcriptional analysis of the flagellar regulon of Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol172: 741–747.
- , , , , and (1996) Bacteriophage Mu repressor as a target for the Escherichia coli ATP-dependent Clp protease. EMBO J15: 437–444.
- Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature227: 680–685.
- , and (1995) Addiction protein Phd of plasmid prophage P1 is a substrate of the ClpXP serine protease of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA92: 3274–3277.
- , , and (1995) Disassembly of the Mu transposase tetramer by the ClpX chaperone. Genes Dev9: 2399–2408.
- , and (1994) The FlhD/FlhC complex, a transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli flagellar class II operons. J Bacteriol176: 7345–7351.
- , , , and (1997) Selfcompartmentalizing proteases. Trends Biochem. Sci22: 399–404.
- , and (1997) Independent and tight regulation of transcriptional units in Escherichia coli via the LacR/O, the TetR/O and AraC/I, 1 -I, 2 regulatory elements. Nucleic Acids Res25: 1203–1210.
- (1996) Flagella and Motility. In Escherichia Coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology. Neidhardt, F.C., Curtiss, R., III, Ingraham, H.L., Lin, E.C.C., Low, K. B., Magasanik, B et al. (eds) . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, pp. 123–145.
- (1992) Proteases and protein degradation in Escherichia coli. Experientia48: 178–200.
- (1972) Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- , , , and (1999) AAA+: a class of chaperone-like ATPases associated with the assembly, operation, and disassembly of protein complexes. Genome Res9: 27–43.
- , , , and (1990) Gene fliA encodes an alternative sigma factor specific for flagellar operons in Salmonella typhimurium. Mol Gen Genet221: 139–147.
- , , and (1999) New insights into the ATP-dependent Clp protease: Escherichia coli and beyond. Mol Microbiol32: 449–458.
- , , , , , , et al. (1996) HslV-HslU: a novel ATP-dependent protease complex in Escherichia coli related to the eukaryotic proteasome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA93: 5808–5813.
- , , , and (1996) Regulation of Escherichia coli starvation sigma factor (sigma s) by ClpXP protease. J Bacteriol178: 470–476.
- , , , , and (1992) DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE are required for flagellum synthesis. J Bacteriol174: 6256–6263.
- , , and (1983) A broad host range mobilization system for in vivo genetic engineering: transposon mutagenesis in Gram-negative bacteria. Bio Technol1: 784–791.
- , , , , and (2002) The ATP-dependent Lon protease of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium regulates invasion and expression of genes carried on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1. J Bacteriol184: 224–232.
- , , , and (1991) The N-end rule in bacteria. Science254: 1374–1377.
- , , , , , et al. (2002) The ClpXP ATP-dependent protease regulates flagellum synthesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol 184: 645–653.
- , , and (1997) The structure of ClpP at 2.3A resolution suggests a model for ATP-dependent proteolysis. Cell91: 447–456.
- , , and (1996) The Clp ATPases define a novel class of molecular chaperones. Mol Microbiol21: 895–899.Direct Link:
- , , and (1999) Posttranslational quality control: folding, refolding, and degrading proteins. Science286: 1888–1893.
- , , and (1993) Isolation and characterization of ClpX, a new ATP-dependent specificity component of the Clp protease of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem268: 22609–22617.
- , , , and (1996) Identification and characterization of the Yersinia enterocolitica gsrA gene, which protectively responds to intracellular stress induced by macrophage phagocytosis and to extracellular environmental stress. Infect Immun64: 2980–2987.
- , , , and (1997) The Yersinia enterocolitica GsrA stress protein, involved in intracellular survival, is induced by macrophage phagocytosis. Infect Immun65: 2190–2196.
- , , , , , et al. (2001) Disruption of the genes for ClpXP protease in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium results in a persistent infection in mouse and development of the persistence requires endogenous interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Infect Immun69: 3164–3174.
- , and (1970) Requirement of adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic phosphate for flagella formation in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol1303: 513–516.
- , , , , and (2001) The RssB response regulator directly targets sigma (s) for degradation by ClpXP. Genes Dev15: 627–637.
- , , and (2000) Disassembly lines: the proteasome and related ATPase-assisted proteases. Curr Opin Struct Biol10: 242–250.

1365-2958/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=5badf94c134fc8798f790efd4821c55ff95fc4cb)
1365-2958/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=75254d9e3ae6a0f08085f34cc6e5bd65d8e3d52e)