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Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin
Article first published online: 11 DEC 2003
DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.x
Additional Information
How to Cite
Rodriguez, C., Mayo, J. C., Sainz, R. M., Antolín, I., Herrera, F., Martín, V. and Reiter, R. J. (2004), Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. Journal of Pineal Research, 36: 1–9. doi: 10.1046/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 11 DEC 2003
- Article first published online: 11 DEC 2003
- Received July 28, 2003; accepted September 4, 2003.
- Abstract
- Article
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- Cited By
Keywords:
- antioxidant enzyme activity;
- antioxidant enzyme gene expression;
- antioxidant enzymes;
- melatonin;
- regulation
Abstract: Antioxidant enzymes form the first line of defense against free radicals in organisms. Their regulation depends mainly on the oxidant status of the cell, given that oxidants are their principal modulators. However, other factors have been reported to increase antioxidant enzyme activity and/or gene expression. During the last decade, the antioxidant melatonin has been shown to possess genomic actions, regulating the expression of several genes. Melatonin also influences both antioxidant enzyme activity and cellular mRNA levels for these enzymes. In the present report, we review the studies which document the influence of melatonin on the activity and expression of the antioxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutases and catalase both under physiological and under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. We also analyze the possible mechanisms by which melatonin regulates these enzymes.