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DNA barcoding applied to ex situ tropical amphibian conservation programme reveals cryptic diversity in captive populations

  1. Andrew J. Crawford1,2,3,*,
  2. Catalina Cruz3,
  3. Edgardo Griffith4,
  4. Heidi Ross4,
  5. Roberto Ibáñez1,2,
  6. Karen R. Lips1,5,
  7. Amy C. Driskell6,
  8. Eldredge Bermingham1,
  9. Paul Crump7

Article first published online: 27 DEC 2012

DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12054

Additional Information

How to Cite

Crawford, A. J., Cruz, C., Griffith, E., Ross, H., Ibáñez, R., Lips, K. R., Driskell, A. C., Bermingham, E. and Crump, P. (2012), DNA barcoding applied to ex situ tropical amphibian conservation programme reveals cryptic diversity in captive populations. Molecular Ecology Resources. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12054

Author Information

  1. 1

    Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama

  2. 2

    Círculo Herpetológico de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama

  3. 3

    Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

  4. 4

    El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center, Coclé, Republic of Panama

  5. 5

    Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

  6. 6

    Laboratories of Analytical Biology, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD, USA

  7. 7

    Department of Conservation and Science, Houston Zoo, Houston, TX, USA

*Correspondence: Andrew J. Crawford, Instituto de Genética, Edif. M1-304, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E No. 18A-10, A.A. 4976, Bogotá, Colombia, South America, Fax: +57-1-332-4069; E-mail: andrew@dna.ac

Publication History

  1. Article first published online: 27 DEC 2012
  2. Manuscript Accepted: 21 NOV 2012
  3. Manuscript Revised: 10 NOV 2012
  4. Manuscript Received: 31 AUG 2012

Funded by

  • Houston Zoo
  • PARC
  • Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Conservation Endowment Fund
  • Bay and Paul Foundation
  • a National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration

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Figure S1 Maximum likelihood phylogeny based on a partitioned analysis of COI and 16S mitochondrial DNA gene fragments from Ecnomiohyla samples, inferred using the software GARLI 2.0 and rooted at mid-point. Double asterisks (**) indicate support ≥95%. Scale bar indicates inferred patristic distance.

Table S1 Taxonomy, sample number, museum voucher numbers (when available), collecting locality and GenBank numbers for all samples used in this study. All localities are in the Republic of Panama. See Fig. 1 in main text for map. AJC = Andrew J. Crawford field number; CH = Círculo Herpetológico de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama; EVACC = El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center sample number, Republic of Panama; FB = Federico Bolaños field number; KRL = Karen R. Lips field number; MVUP = Museo de Vertebrados de la Universidad de Panamá, Republic of Panama; ‘swab’ = non-vouchered genetic sample from live specimen; UCR = Universidad de Costa Rica, Museo de Zoología, San Pedro, Costa Rica; USNM = Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Washington, D.C., USA.

Table S2 Model of nucleotide substitution best supported by the Bayesian Information Criterion as implemented in jModeltest and applied to each mitochondrial DNA data set (EVACC and wildcaught samples combined).

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