Original Article

Atypical depression and alcohol misuse are related to the cardiovascular risk in the general population

  1. J. Glaus1,*,
  2. C. Vandeleur1,
  3. M. Gholam-Rezaee1,
  4. E. Castelao1,
  5. M. Perrin1,
  6. S. Rothen1,
  7. P. Bovet2,
  8. P. Marques-Vidal2,
  9. R. von Känel3,
  10. K. Merikangas4,
  11. V. Mooser5,
  12. D. M. Waterworth5,
  13. G. Waeber6,
  14. P. Vollenweider6,
  15. M. Preisig1

Article first published online: 7 DEC 2012

DOI: 10.1111/acps.12057

Additional Information

How to Cite

Glaus J, Vandeleur C, Gholam-Rezaee M, Castelao E, Perrin M, Rothen S, Bovet P, Marques-Vidal P, von Känel R, Merikangas K, Mooser V, Waterworth DM, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Preisig M .Atypical depression and alcohol misuse are related to the cardiovascular risk in the general population

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

  2. 2

    Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

  3. 3

    Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

  4. 4

    Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD

  5. 5

    Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

  6. 6

    Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

* Jennifer Glaus, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology (CEPP), Lausanne University Hospital, Site de Cery, Prilly 1008, Switzerland.
E-mail: jennifer.glaus@chuv.ch

Publication History

  1. Article first published online: 7 DEC 2012
  2. Manuscript Accepted: 2 NOV 2012

Funded by

  • Swiss National Science Foundation. Grant Numbers: 32003B-105993, 32003B-118308, 33CSC0-122661
  • GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Genetics

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Keywords:

  • depression;
  • substance use disorders;
  • weight gain;
  • risk factors;
  • cardio-vascular diseases

Objective

The aims of the present study were to assess the associations between mood, anxiety and substance use disorders, including their subtypes, and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs).

Method

Thorough physical investigations, biological measures and standardized interview techniques were used to assess 3716 subjects of an urban area, aged 35–66 years.

Results

Atypical depression was associated with increased prevalence of overweight, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.5, 95% C.I. 1.1–2.0; OR = 2.0, 95% C.I. 1.1–3.5, OR = 1.6, 95% C.I. 1.0–2.4 respectively), whereas decreased prevalence of overweight was found in melancholic (OR = 0.7, 95% C.I. 0.6–0.9) and unspecified depression (OR = 0.8, 95% C.I. 0.7–1.0). Alcohol abuse was associated with diabetes (OR = 1.8, 95% C.I. 1.1–2.9) and dyslipidemia (OR = 1.3, 95% C.I. 1.0–1.8), alcohol dependence with dyslipidemia only (OR = 1.4, 95% C.I. 1.0–2.0). Almost all mental disorders were associated with a lifetime history of regular cigarette smoking, and atypical depression, alcohol misuse and drug dependence were associated with inactivity.

Conclusion

To conclude results emphasize the need to subtype depression and to pay particular attention to the atypical subtype. Comorbid alcohol misuse may further increase the cardiovascular risk. Efforts to diminish smoking in subjects with mental disorders could be crucial measures to reduce their high incidence of cardiovascular disease.

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