Meeting Report
You have free access to this content
Sexual Violence and HIV Transmission: Summary Proceedings of a Scientific Research Planning Meeting
Article first published online: 12 NOV 2012
DOI: 10.1111/aji.12033
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Issue

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
Special Issue: Sexual Violence and HIV Transmission
Volume 69, Issue Supplement s1, pages 5–19, February 2013
Additional Information
How to Cite
Klot, J. F., Auerbach, J. D. and Berry, M. R. (2013), Sexual Violence and HIV Transmission: Summary Proceedings of a Scientific Research Planning Meeting. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 69: 5–19. doi: 10.1111/aji.12033
Publication History
- Issue published online: 6 FEB 2013
- Article first published online: 12 NOV 2012
References
- 1, , , , , , , : Greentree white paper sexual violence, genito-anal injury and HIV: priorities for research, policy and practice. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses [Internet]. 2012; Available from: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/AID.2012.0273 [accessed on September 12, 2012].
- 2, , , , , , : Sexual violence and conflict in Africa: prevalence and potential impact on HIV incidence. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. BMJ Publishing Group, London, ROYAUME-UNI (1998); 2010 86 (Suppl 3):iii93–i99. Available from: http://sti.bmj.com.ezproxy.uct.ac.za/content/86/Suppl_3/iii93.full.pdf+html?sid=9503f514-cdde-41fb-9e32-3aa4f953f09f. [accessed on September 7, 2011].
- 3, , : Protecting young women from HIV/AIDS: the case against child and adolescent marriage. Int Fam Plan Perspect [Internet]. 2006; 32:79–88. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4147596.2006 [accessed on April 25, 2012].
- 4, , , : The relationship between intimate partner violence, rape and HIV amongst South African men: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 2011; 6:e24256.
- 5, , , , : Intimate partner violence and HIV infection among married Indian women. JAMA [Internet]. 2008; 300:703–710. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18698068. [accessed on April 15, 2012].
- 6, , : Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa. Lancet [Internet]. 2004; Available from: http://www.lancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(04)16098-4 [accessed on May 29, 2012].
- 7, , , , , , , , , : Injection drug use as a mediator between client-perpetrated abuse and HIV status among female sex workers in two Mexico-US border cities. AIDS Behav [Internet]. Springer; 2011; 15:179–185. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC2889005/?report=abstract [accessed on March 9, 2012].
- 8, , , , , : Spousal sexual violence and poverty are risk factors for sexually transmitted infections in women: a longitudinal study of women in Goa, India. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. 2008; 84:133–139. Available from: http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/84/2/133 [accessed on May 31, 2011].
- 9, , , : Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. Lancet [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2010; 376:41–48. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20557928 [accessed on July 14, 2011].
- 10, , : No association between HIV and intimate partner violence among women in 10 developing countries. Jones JH, editor. PLoS ONE [Internet]. Public Library of Science; 2010; 5:e14257. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014257 [accessed on May 29, 2012].
- 11, , , , , , , , : Intimate partner violence is as important as client violence in increasing street-based female sex workers' vulnerability to HIV in India. Int J Drug Policy [Internet]. 2008; 19:106–112. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2423812&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on March 9, 2012].
- 12, , : Violence, dignity and HIV vulnerability: street sex work in Serbia. Sociol Health Illn [Internet]. 2009; 31:1–16. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19144087 [accessed on March 9, 2012].
- 13, , , , , , : Health risks and power among female sex workers in Moscow. SIECUS Report [Internet]. 2005; 33:18–25. Available from: http://sexworkersproject.org/downloads/SIECUS2005.pdf#page=20 [accessed on May 29, 2012].
- 14, , , , , , , , , , , : Violence against female sex workers in Karnataka state, south India: impact on health, and reductions in violence following an intervention program. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2010; 10:476. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2931467&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on April 9, 2012].
- 15, , , , , , , : Perpetration of partner violence and HIV risk behaviour among young men in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. AIDS (London, England) [Internet]. 2006; 20:2107–2114. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053357 [accessed on May 29, 2012].
- 16, , , , , : Sexual behaviors and reproductive health outcomes: associations with wife abuse in India. JAMA [Internet]. 1999; 282:1967–1972. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10580466 [accessed on May 29, 2012].
- 17, , , , : Violence against wives, sexual risk and sexually transmitted infection among Bangladeshi men. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. 2007; 83:211–215. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2659096&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on January 12, 2012].
- 18, , , , , : Intimate partner violence perpetration, standard and gendered STI/HIV risk behaviour, and STI/HIV diagnosis among a clinic-based sample of men. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. 2009; 85:555–560. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625287 [accessed on March 7, 2012].
- 19, , , , , , : Intimate partner violence functions as both a risk marker and risk factor for women's HIV infection: findings from Indian husband-wife dyads. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1999) [Internet]. 2009; 51:593–600. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19421070 [accessed on May 29, 2012].
- 20, , , , : Transactional relationships and sex with a woman in prostitution: prevalence and patterns in a representative sample of South African men. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2012; 12:325. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22551102 [accessed on July 2, 2012].
- 21, , , : Prospective study of rape perpetration by young South African men: incidence & risk factors. Vermund SH, editor. PLoS ONE [Internet]; Public Library of Science; 2012; 7:e38210. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038210 [accessed on June 5, 2012].
- 22, , , : Gender inequitable masculinity and sexual entitlement in rape perpetration South Africa: findings of a cross-sectional study. Shea BJ, editor. PLoS ONE [Internet]. Public Library of Science; 2011; 6:e29590. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029590 [accessed on January 2, 2012].
- 23, , , , , , : Transactional sex with casual and main partners among young South African men in the rural Eastern Cape: prevalence, predictors, and associations with gender-based violence. Soc Sci Med (1982) [Internet]. 2007; 65:1235–1248. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2709788&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on March 9, 2012].
- 24, , , , , , : Rape perpetration by young, rural South African men: prevalence, patterns and risk factors. Soc Sci Med (1982) [Internet]. 2006; 63:2949–2961. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16962222 [accessed on March 9, 2012].
- 25, , , : Why, when and how men rape: understanding rape perpetration in South Africa. SA Crime Quarterly [Internet]. 2010;34:23–31. Available from: http://www.iss.co.za/uploads/JewkesSikweyiyaMorrellDunkle.pdf
- 26, , , , , , : Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence and revictimization among women attending antenatal clinics in Soweto, South Africa. Am J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2004; 160:230–239. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15257996 [accessed on March 13, 2012].
- 27, , : “He forced me to love him”: putting violence on adolescent sexual health agendas. Soc Sci Med (1982) [Internet]. 1998; 47:233–242. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9720642 [accessed on July 11, 2012].
- 28, , , , : Early age of first sex. AIDS [Internet]. 2004; 18:1435–1442. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00002030-200407020-00010 [accessed on April 16, 2012].
- 29, , , , , : Transactional sex among women in Soweto, South Africa: prevalence, risk factors and association with HIV infection. Soc Sci Med (1982) [Internet]. 2004; 59:1581–1592. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15279917 [accessed on February 29, 2012].
- 30, , , , , , : Partner violence and sexual hiv-risk behaviors among women in an inner-city emergency department. Violence Vict [Internet]. Springer Publishing Company; 1998; 13:377–393. Available from: http://www.ingentaconnect.com.ezproxy.wesleyan.edu:7790/content/springer/vav/1998/00000013/00000004/art00005 [accessed on July 2, 2012].
- 31, , : Gender inequalities, intimate partner violence and HIV preventive practices: findings of a South African cross-sectional study. Soc Sci Med (1982) [Internet]. 2003; 56:125–134. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12435556 [accessed on July 2, 2012].
- 32, , : A tripartite of HIV-risk for African American women: the intersection of drug use, violence, and depression. Drug Alcohol Depend [Internet]. 2003; 70:169–175. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12732410 [accessed on July 2, 2012].
- 33, : Partner influences and gender-related factors associated with noncondom use among young adult African American women. Am J Community Psychol [Internet]. 1998; 26:29–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9574497 [accessed on July 11, 2012].
- 34, , : Drug abuse and partner violence among women in methadone treatment. J Fam Viol 2000; 15:209–228.
- 35, , : Intimate partner violence, HIV status, and sexual risk reduction. AIDS Behav 2002; 6:107–116.
- 36World Health Organization. WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health: WHO Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence Against Women: Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Womens Responses Summary Report [Internet].Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2005. Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/violence/mc_study/en/index.html.
- 37, , , , , : Mortality, CD4 cell count decline, and depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive women. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 285:1466–1474.
- 38: HIV disease progression: depression, stress, and possible mechanisms. Biol Psychiatry [Internet]. 2003; 54:295–306. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322303003238 Aug [accessed on April 18, 2012].
- 39, , , , , : Markers of inflammation in midlife women with intimate partner violence histories. J Womens Health (2002) [Internet]. 2011; 20:1871–1880. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044065, [accessed on April 18, 2012].
- 40, , , , , , , , : Injuries from intimate partner and sexual violence: significance and classification systems. J Forensic Leg Med [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2012; Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1752928X1200039X [accessed on June 6, 2012].
- 41, , , : Children referred for possible sexual abuse: medical findings in 2384 children. Child Abuse Negl [Internet]. 2002; 26:645–659. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12201160
- 42, : The uses and impacts of medico-legal evidence in sexual assault cases: A global review. Geneva; 2007.
- 43World Health Organization: Estimating the obstetric costs of female genital mutilation in six African countries. [Internet]. 2011. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2855596&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
- 44, , : Female genital mutilation: potential for HIV transmission in prospect Africa for and epidemiologic investigation. Womens Health 2007; 11:33–42.
- 45, , , , , , : Male complications of female genital mutilation. Soc Sci Med (1982) [Internet]. 2001; 53:1455–1460. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11710420.
- 46: Traumatic Gynecological Fistula: Treating the Special Needs of Women who Have Survived Conflict Settings and Trauma. Kampala, Uganda, East, Central and Southern Africa Conference College of Nursing (ECSACON) 7th Scientific Conference, 2006.
- 47, : Clinical Management of Traumatic Fistulas in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, XVIII FIGO World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2006.
- 48, , : Fistula and traumatic genital injury from sexual violence in a conflict setting in Eastern Congo: case studies. Reprod Health Matters [Internet]. 2008; 16:132–141. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18513615, [accessed on June 14, 2011].
- 49, , , : Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice A Congolese – US participatory action research partnership to rebuild the lives of rape survivors and their families in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Glob Public Health 2012; 7:37–41.
- 50, , , , , , , , , , , : Peptides released by physiological cleavage of semen coagulum proteins form amyloids that enhance HIV infection. Cell Host Microbe [Internet]. 2011; 10:541–550. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312811003635.
- 51, , , , : Seminal fluid induces leukocyte recruitment and cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in the human cervix after coitus. J Immunol (Baltimore, MD.: 1950) [Internet]. 2012; 188:2445–2454. Available from: http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/188/5/2445. [accessed on April 17, 2012].
- 52, , , , , : Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is associated with genital tract mucosal inflammation. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. 2012; 39. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Fulltext/publishahead/Cervical_Intraepithelial_Neoplasia_is_Associated.98795.aspx [accessed on April 18, 2012].
- 53, , , : Mucosal immunity in the human female reproductive tract: cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in the cervix and vagina of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Am J Reprod Immunol (New York, N.Y.: 1989) [Internet]. 1997; 37:30–38. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9138451 [accessed on April 26, 2012].Direct Link:
- 54, , , : Higher levels of cervicovaginal inflammatory and regulatory cytokines and chemokines in healthy young women with immature cervical epithelium. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 88:66–71.
- 55: HIV-1 infection in the female reproductive tract: role of interactions between HIV-1 and genital epithelial cells. Am J Reprod Immunol (New York, N.Y.: 1989) [Internet]. 2011; 65:253–260. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21223427 [accessed on September 23, 2011].
- 56, , , : HIV infection in the female genital tract: discrete influence of the local mucosal microenvironment. Am J Reprod Immunol (New York, N.Y.: 1989) [Internet]. 2010; 63:566–575. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20384619 [accessed on June 25, 2012].
- 57, , , , , , , : Exposure to HIV-1 directly impairs mucosal epithelial barrier integrity allowing microbial translocation. PLoS Pathog [Internet]. 2010; 6:e1000852. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2851733&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on March 8, 2012].
- 58, , , : How well does PREP work? Unraveling the divergent results of PrEP trials for HIV prevention. AIDS (London, England) [Internet]. 2012; 26:13–19. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22333749 [accessed on March 19, 2012].
- 59, : Critical issues in mucosal immunity for HIV-1 vaccine development. J Allergy Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2008; 122:3–9; quiz 10–1. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3014573&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on May 28, 2012].
- 60, , , : HIV vaccines: lessons learned and the way forward. Curr Opin HIV AIDS [Internet]. 2010; 5:428–434. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2990218&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on May 27, 2012].
- 61, , , , , : Analysis of a Rape Case by Direct Sequencing of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 pol and gag Genes. J Virol [Internet]. 1994; 68:5918–5924. Available from: http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/9/5918 [accessed on April 26, 2012].
- 62, , , , : Accurate reconstruction of a known HIV-1 transmission history by phylogenetic tree analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci [Internet]. 1996; 93:10864–10869. Available from: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/93/20/10864 [accessed on April 26, 2012].
- 63, , , , , , , , , : The X4 phenotype of HIV type 1 evolves from R5 in two children of mothers, carrying X4, and is not linked to transmission. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses [Internet]. 2005; 21:371–378. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15929699
- 64: The effects of survey question wording on rape estimates: evidence from a quasi-experimental design. Violence Against Women [Internet]. 2009; 15:133–147. Available from: http://vaw.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/2/133 [accessed on October 16, 2011].
- 65, , : Measuring human rights violations in a conflict-affected country: results from a nationwide cluster survey in Central African Republic. Confl Health [Internet]. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011; 5:4. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3061905&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on April 3, 2012].
- 66, , , : Baseline survey of IRC's male-focused violence prevention intervention in Cote d'Ivoire. Results from Men and Women, by Intervention Cote d'Ivoire Study Partners. London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and International Rescue Committee, 2011.
- 67, , : HIV transmission risk through anal intercourse: systematic review, meta-analysis and implications for HIV prevention. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2010; 39:1048–1063. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2929353&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on September 19, 2011].
- 68, , , : The future role of rectal and vaginal microbicides to prevent HIV infection in heterosexual populations: implications for product development and prevention. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. 2011; 87:646–653. Available from: http://bmj-sti.highwire.org/content/87/7/646.abstract [accessed on February 23, 2012].
- 69, , , : Heterosexual anal intercourse among community and clinical settings in Cape Town, South Africa. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. 2009; 85:411–415. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3017216&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract [accessed on April 20, 2012].
- 70: O1-S07.01 The relative contribution of anal intercourse and primary infection to mature heterosexual HIV epidemics. Sex Transm Infect [Internet]. 2011; 87(Suppl 1):A38–A38. Available from: http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/87/Suppl_1/A38-a [accessed on May 30, 2012].
- 71, , , , , : HIV/AIDS, Security and Conflict: New Realities, New Responses. New York, The Hague, SSRC/Clingendael Institute for ASCI, 2010.

1600-0897/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=f8eb6758998073598eb285f5a1e331e8eb30bb0d)
1600-0897/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=a7bd5b28f4b1c1803ca403582be9b6e440d50ac9)