Brain and Behavior

Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) is a hereditary dermatological disease in which hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation and various neurological symptoms are observed. In this study, to evaluate the degeneration occurring in the brain of XPA patients, neurological examinations by an established neurologist and 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 10 Japanese XPA patients.

Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) is a hereditary dermatological disease in which hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation and various neurological symptoms are observed. In this study, to evaluate the degeneration occurring in the brain of XPA patients, neurological examinations by an established neurologist and 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 10 Japanese XPA patients.

The antisaccade task, a hands- and language-free metric, may provide a functional index of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC), a region damaged in the later stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Our findings indicate that antisaccade impairments exist in mild AD, suggesting clinically detectable DLPFC pathology may be present earlier than suggested by previous studies.

Although genetic background alters responses to ethanol, there has not yet been a methodical quantification of differences in ethanol-related behaviors between inbred and hybrid mice commonly used in gene targeting studies. Here, we compared C57BL/6NTac x 129S6/SvEvTac F1 hybrid mice (B6129S6) with C57BL/6NTac inbred mice (B6NT), and C57BL/6J x 129X1/SvJ F1 (B6129X1) and C57BL/6J x 129S4/SvJae F1 hybrids (B6129S4) with C57BL/6J mice (B6J), in five commonly used tests: continuous access 2-bottle choice drinking, intermittent limited-access binge drinking, ethanol clearance, ethanol-induced loss of the righting reflex, and conditioned place preference for ethanol. Our findings indicate that it may not be necessary to backcross hybrids to an inbred B6 background to study many ethanol-related behaviors in gene-targeted mice.

We find that the effect of fitness on the human brain extends beyond vascularization; aerobic fitness is associated with neuronal viability in the frontal cortex of olde

r adults.

Hemodynamic forces play a role in determining endothelial cell (EC) phenotype and influence vascular remodeling. We present a lesion-based computational fluid dynamic (CFD) pilot analysis to understand the complex spatial and temporal hemodynamic changes that prevail in patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis (CS). High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography datasets were acquired in eight patients, and used to generate computational meshes. CFD analysis was carried out implementing realistic shear-dependent viscosity for blood.

In this paper, we describe a simple and reproducible myelination culture method using dissociated neuron-oligodendrocyte co-cultures from embryonic rat spinal cord or cerebral cortex. We further showed that this in vitro model can be a useful tool for myelin deficit investigation.

Role of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) as a mediator of oxaliplatin cold hypersensitivity using menthol.

Attentional interference for mood-congruent depressive words and threat-related angry facial expressions have significant influences on attentional processes among people in a sad mood state.