Introduction: Organ Involvement in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome

The cardiometabolic syndrome is a construct associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease , peripheral arterial disease, and stroke), chronic kidney disease, and the metabolic hepatopathy referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Thus , the term cardiometabolic syndrome includes all of these metabolic, islet, cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic disorders and clustering clinical syndromes. This overview of the cardiometabolic syndrome is designed to review the clinical complications and the end-organ cellular and extracellular matrix remodeling events that occur with the cardiometabolic syndrome. The MINER acronym will serve as an outline, representing: Myocardial and metabolic—hepatopathy, Intimal and islet, Neurovascular, Endothelial, and Renal oxidation—reduction (redox) stress and remodeling.