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Review article: diet and inflammatory bowel disease – epidemiology and treatment
Article first published online: 6 MAY 2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04035.x
© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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How to Cite
YAMAMOTO, T., NAKAHIGASHI, M. and SANIABADI, A. R. (2009), Review article: diet and inflammatory bowel disease – epidemiology and treatment. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 30: 99–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04035.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 26 JUN 2009
- Article first published online: 6 MAY 2009
- Publication data Submitted 25 February 2009 First decision 23 March 2009 Resubmitted 29 April 2009 Accepted 4 May 2009 Epub Accepted Article 06 May 2009
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Summary
Background Diet is thought to have an important role in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Aim To identify dietary constituents as risk factors for development of IBD and the therapeutic efficacy of dietary modifications or enteral nutrition in IBD.
Methods The Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched for clinical trials and meta-analyses in the scope of diet and nutrition in IBD.
Results There are many studies in small cohorts of patients that claim that intake of certain diet constituents like fat, refined sugar, fruits, vegetables and fibre affect the expression of IBD. These are often compromised by insufficient data or methodological limitations and do not provide unequivocal evidence to incriminate any particular dietary factor. Among various dietary interventions, none has shown striking efficacy with the possible exception of complete enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition appears effective in both active and quiescent Crohn’s disease (CD), but independent meta-analyses have shown enteral nutrition to be inferior to corticosteroids in the management of active CD, when assessed on an intention-to-treat basis.
Conclusions The current levels of knowledge concerning dietary risk factors for IBD, and the therapeutic efficacy of dietary and nutritional interventions need to be supported by well-designed trials in large cohorts of patients.