You have free access to this content
Cyclophilin–CD147 interactions: a new target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics
Article first published online: 16 MAR 2010
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04115.x
© 2010 British Society for Immunology
Additional Information
How to Cite
Yurchenko, V., Constant, S., Eisenmesser, E. and Bukrinsky, M. (2010), Cyclophilin–CD147 interactions: a new target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 160: 305–317. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04115.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 7 MAY 2010
- Article first published online: 16 MAR 2010
- Accepted for publication 13 January 2010
References
- 1, . Structure, function, and inhibition of chemokines. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2002; 42:469–99.
- 2. Cyclophilins: unexpected messengers in intercellular communications. Trends Immunol 2002; 23:323–5.
- 3, , et al. Active site residues of cyclophilin A are crucial for its signaling activity via CD147. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:22959–65.
- 4, , et al. Extracellular cyclophilins contribute to the regulation of inflammatory responses. J Immunol 2005; 175:517–22.
- 5, , et al. Novel approach to inhibit asthma-mediated lung inflammation using anti-CD147 intervention. J Immunol 2006; 177:4870–9.
- 6, , . Preferential chemotaxis of activated human CD4+ T cells by extracellular cyclophilin A. J Leuk Biol 2007; 82:613–18.
- 7, , , . Identification of cyclophilin as a proinflammatory secretory product of lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89:3511–15.
- 8, , , , . Leukocyte chemotactic activity of cyclophilin. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:11968–71.
- 9, , , . CD147 immunoglobulin superfamily receptor function and role in pathology. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:283–95.
- 10, , . The MRC OX-47 antigen is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with an unusual transmembrane sequence. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:671–9.
- 11, , , , . Breaching the diffusion barrier that compartmentalizes the transmembrane glycoprotein CE9 to the posterior-tail plasma membrane domain of the rat spermatozoon. J Cell Biol 1993; 120:687–94.
- 12, , et al. Cloning of cDNA for a novel mouse membrane glycoprotein (gp42): shared identity to histocompatibility antigens, immunoglobulins and neural-cell adhesion molecules. Gene 1989; 85:445–51.
- 13, , , . Basigin, a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily: genes in different mammalian species, glycosylation changes in the molecule from adult organs and possible variation in the N-terminal sequences. Cell Struct Funct 1991; 16:23–30.
- 14, , , , , . Basigin, a new, broadly distributed member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has strong homology with both the immunoglobulin V domain and the beta-chain of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen. J Biochem (Tokyo) 1990; 107:316–23.
- 15, , . The inducible blood–brain barrier specific molecule HT7 is a novel immunoglobulin-like cell surface glycoprotein. EMBO J 1990; 9:2151–8.
- 16, , . Neurothelin: amino acid sequence, cell surface dynamics and actin colocalization. Eur J Cell Biol 1995; 68:159–66.
- 17, , . HT7, Neurothelin, Basigin, gp42 and OX-47 – many names for one developmentally regulated immuno-globulin-like surface glycoprotein on blood–brain barrier endothelium, epithelial tissue barriers and neurons. Neurosci Lett 1992; 140:93–7.
- 18, . 5A11 antigen is a cell recognition molecule which is involved in neuronal–glial interactions in avian neural retina. Dev Dyn 1993; 196:252–62.
- 19. Collagenase stimulation in cocultures of human fibroblasts and human tumor cells. Cancer Lett 1984; 24:201–7.
- 20. Tumor cell stimulation of collagenase production by fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982; 109:1026–34.
- 21, , . Monoclonal antibody preparation and purification of a tumor cell collagenase-stimulatory factor. Cancer Res 1989; 49:3385–91.
- 22, , et al. Human keratinocytes express EMMPRIN, an extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:1260–5.
- 23, , et al. The human tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor (renamed EMMPRIN) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Cancer Res 1995; 55:434–9.
- 24, , , , , . Human leukocyte activation antigen M6, a member of the Ig superfamily, is the species homologue of rat OX-47, mouse basigin, and chicken HT7 molecule. J Immunol 1992; 149:847–54.
- 25, , et al. {beta}ig-h3 is involved in the HAb18G/CD147-mediated metastasis process in human hepatoma cells. Exp Biol Med 2007; 232:344–52.
- 26
- 27, , . Distribution of the integral plasma membrane glycoprotein CE9 (MRC OX-47) among rat tissues and its induction by diverse stimuli of metabolic activation. Biochem J 1995; 310:693–8.
- 28, , , . EMMPRIN/CD147, an MMP modulator in cancer, development and tissue repair. Biochimie 2005; 87:361–8.
- 29, , , . Embigin/basigin subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily: different modes of expression during mouse embryogenesis and correlated expression with carbohydrate antigenic markers. Dev Growth Differ 1998; 40:277–86.
- 30, , , , . The immunoglobulin-superfamily molecule basigin is a binding protein for oligomannosidic carbohydrates: an anti-idiotypic approach. J Neurochem 2003; 84:557–65.
- 31
- 32, , et al. Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny. Nature 2007; 450:203–18.
- 33, , et al. The Schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of host–parasite interplay. Nature 2009; 460:345–51.
- 34, , . Immunoglobulin superfamily receptors in protochordates: before RAG time. Immunol Rev 2004; 198:233–48.
- 35, , et al. Roles of basigin, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, in behavior as to an irritating odor, lymphocyte response, and blood–brain barrier. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 224:33–6.
- 36, , et al. Female sterility in mice lacking the basigin gene, which encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. FEBS Lett 1998; 425:191–4.
- 37, , et al. A null mutation in basigin, an immunoglobulin superfamily member, indicates its important roles in peri-implantation development and spermatogenesis. Dev Biol 1998; 194:152–65.
- 38, , , , , . Histological characterization of defective spermatogenesis in mice lacking the basigin gene. Anat Histol Embryol 1999; 28:205–13.
- 39, , , , . Retinal degeneration following failed photoreceptor maturation in 5A11/basigin null mice. Exp Eye Res 2001; 72:467–77.
- 40, , et al. Retinal dysfunction in basigin deficiency. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:3128–33.
- 41, , et al. Abnormalities of sensory and memory functions in mice lacking Bsg gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 236:733–7.
- 42, , et al. Expression and function of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors at the maternal–embryonic boundary during mouse embryo implantation. Development 1996; 122:1723–36.
- 43, , . Tissue distribution of basigin and monocarboxylate transporter 1 in the adult male mouse: a study using the wild-type and basigin gene knockout mice. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2006; 288:527–35.
- 44, , , , . Loss of MCT1, MCT3, and MCT4 expression in the retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina of the 5A11/basigin-null mouse. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:1305–11.
- 45, , , , . Altered visual function in monocarboxylate transporter 3 (Slc16a8) knockout mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C451–C457.
- 46, , . CD147 inhibits the nuclear factor of activated T-cells by impairing Vav1 and Rac1 downstream signaling. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:5554–66.
- 47, , et al. Inhibition of CD147 gene expression via RNA interference reduces tumor cell proliferation, activation, adhesion, and migration activity in the human Jurkat T-lymphoma cell line. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:689–97.
- 48, , et al. T cell activation-associated epitopes of CD147 in regulation of the T cell response, and their definition by antibody affinity and antigen density. Int Immunol 1999; 11:777–86.
- 49, , et al. Novel molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell-induced T cell activation. Int Immunol 2000; 12:1051–61.
- 50, , et al. Selective inhibition of T cell activation via CD147 through novel modulation of lipid rafts. J Immunol 2003; 171:1707–14.
- 51, , , , . CD147 contains different bioactive epitopes involving the regulation of cell adhesion and lymphocyte activation. Immunobiology 2006; 211:167–78.
- 52, , et al. The functional interactions between CD98, beta1-integrins, and CD147 in the induction of U937 homotypic aggregation. Blood 2001; 98:374–82.
- 53, , , , . Cyclophilin B induces integrin-mediated cell adhesion by a mechanism involving CD98-dependent activation of protein kinase C-delta and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:616–28.
- 54, , , , . Cyclophilin: a specific cytosolic binding protein for cyclosporin A. Science 1984; 226:544–7.
- 55, . Enzymes that catalyse the restructuring of proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2000; 10:40–5.
- 56, , et al. Cyclophilin A regulates TCR signal strength in CD4+ T cells via a proline-directed conformational switch in Itk. Immunity 2004; 21:189–201.
- 57, , , , , . Human cyclophilin B: a second cyclophilin gene encodes a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase with a signal sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88:1903–7.
- 58, , et al. A novel secreted cyclophilin-like protein (SCYLP). J Biol Chem 1991; 266:10735–8.
- 59, , , . Selective assay for CyPA and CyPB in human blood using highly specific anti-peptide antibodies. J Immunol Meth 1995; 178:113–20.
- 60, , , , . High binding capacity of cyclophilin B to chondrocyte heparan sulfate proteoglycans and its release from the cell surface by matrix metalloproteinases: possible role as a proinflammatory mediator in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:2197–206.
- 61, , et al. Cyclophilin A is a secreted growth factor induced by oxidative stress. Circ Res 2000; 87:789–96.
- 62, , , , . Cyclophilin A is secreted by a vesicular pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2006; 98:811–17.
- 63, , et al. Characterization of the proteins released from activated platelets leads to localization of novel platelet proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions. Blood 2004; 103:2096–104.
- 64, , et al. Solution characterization of the extracellular region of CD147 and its interaction with its enzyme ligand cyclophilin A. J Mol Biol 2009; 391:518–35.
- 65, , et al. Structural and functional characterization of the interaction between cyclophilin B and a heparin-derived oligosaccharide. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:34148–58.
- 66, , et al. A role for CD147 in thymic development. J Immunol 2002; 168:4946–50.
- 67, , , , , . CD147 is tightly associated with lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 and facilitates their cell surface expression. EMBO J 2000; 19:3896–904.
- 68, , et al. Correlation of emmprin expression in vascular endothelial cells with blood–brain-barrier function: a study using magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by Gd-DTPA and immunohistochemistry in brain tumors. Virchows Arch 2003; 442:577–84.
- 69, , et al. Cloning of the rabbit homologue of mouse ‘basigin’ and rat ‘OX-47’: kidney cell type-specific expression, and regulation in collecting duct cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1311:13–19.
- 70, . Basigin (CD147): a multifunctional transmembrane protein involved in reproduction, neural function, inflammation and tumor invasion. Histol Histopathol 2003; 18:981–7.
- 71, , , . Generation of monoclonal antibodies to integrin-associated proteins. Evidence that alpha3beta1 complexes with EMMPRIN/basigin/OX47/M6. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:29174–80.
- 72, , et al. LFA-1-mediated leukocyte adhesion regulated by interaction of CD43 with LFA-1 and CD147. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:1703–11.
- 73, , , , , . Syndecan-1/CD147 association is essential for cyclophilin B-induced activation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases and promotion of cell adhesion and chemotaxis. Glycobiology 2007; 17:492–503.
- 74, , , . CD147 stimulates HIV-1 infection in a signal-independent fashion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:495–9.
- 75, , et al. CD147 is a signaling receptor for cyclophilin B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:786–8.
- 76, , , , , . Evidence that intracellular cyclophilin A and cyclophilin A/CD147 receptor-mediated ERK1/2 signalling can protect neurons against in vitro oxidative and ischemic injury. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 25:54–64.
- 77, , , , . Cyclophilin A up-regulates MMP-9 expression and adhesion of monocytes/macrophages via CD147 signalling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2008; 47:1299–310.
- 78, , . Fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies on the interaction between the lactate transporter MCT1 and CD147 provide information on the topology and stoichiometry of the complex in situ. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:3666–72.
- 79, , . Interaction of monocarboxylate transporter 4 with beta1-integrin and its role in cell migration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C414–C421.
- 80, . Caveolin-1 regulates matrix metalloproteinases-1 induction and CD147/EMMPRIN cell surface clustering. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:11112–18.
- 81, , , , , . Caveolin-1 up-regulates CD147 glycosylation and the invasive capability of murine hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 38:1584–93.
- 82, , et al. Upregulation of caveolin-1 and CD147 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma enhanced tumor cell migration and correlated with poor prognosis of the patients. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1832–41.
- 83, , , , , . The basolateral targeting signal of CD147 (EMMPRIN) consists of a single leucine and is not recognized by retinal pigment epithelium. Mol Biol Cell 2004; 15:4148–65.
- 84, , , . Morphogenesis of the retinal pigment epithelium: toward understanding retinal degenerative diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1998; 857:1–12.
- 85, , , . Developmental analyses of 5A11/Basigin, 5A11/Basigin-2 and their putative binding partner MCT1 in the mouse eye. Exp Eye Res 2004; 78:777–89.
- 86, , et al. Cell surface expression of CD147/EMMPRIN is regulated by cyclophilin 60. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:27866–71.
- 87, . Crystal structures of cyclophilin and its partners. Front Biosci 2004; 9:2285–96.
- 88, , et al. Breast cancer cell-derived EMMPRIN stimulates fibroblast MMP2 release through a phospholipase A(2) and 5-lipoxygenase catalyzed pathway. Oncogene 2002; 21:5765–72.
- 89, , et al. Soluble EMMPRIN (extra-cellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) stimulates the migration of HEp-2 human laryngeal carcinoma cells, accompanied by increased MMP-2 production in fibroblasts. Arch Histol Cytol 2007; 70:267–77.
- 90, , , , . The microvesicle as a vehicle for EMMPRIN in tumor–stromal interactions. Oncogene 2004; 23:956–63.
- 91, , et al. Tumor vesicle-associated CD147 modulates the angiogenic capability of endothelial cells. Neoplasia 2007; 9:349–57.
- 92, , , , , . Membrane Type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP-14) cleaves and releases a 22-kDa extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) fragment from tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:37576–85.
- 93, , , . EMMPRIN (CD147), an inducer of matrix metalloproteinase synthesis, also binds interstitial collagenase to the tumor cell surface. Cancer Res 2000; 60:888–91.
- 94, , , . Oxidized low-density lipoproteins stimulate extracellular matrix metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) release by coronary smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:1823–9.
- 95, , , . Tumor–stroma interaction: positive feedback regulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) expression and matrix metalloproteinase-dependent generation of soluble EMMPRIN. Mol Cancer Res 2004; 2:73–80.
- 96, , , . Basigin-2 is a cell surface receptor for soluble basigin ligand. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17805–14.
- 97, , , , . Stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase production by recombinant extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer from transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:24–7.
- 98, . Regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-2 production through CD147/extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer interactions. Cancer Res 2001; 61:2276–81.
- 99, , et al. Structure of the EMMPRIN N-terminal domain 1: dimerization via beta-strand swapping. Proteins 2009; 77:1009–14.
- 100. Cadherin dimers in cell–cell adhesion. Eur J Cell Biol 2005; 84:225–33.
- 101, , , , , . Paired receptor specificity explained by structures of signal regulatory proteins alone and complexed with CD47. Mol Cell 2008; 31:266–77.
- 102, , et al. Tumor-derived EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) stimulates collagenase transcription through MAPK p38. FEBS Lett 1998; 441:88–92.
- 103, , et al. CD147 facilitates HIV-1 infection by interacting with virus-associated cyclophilin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:6360–5.
- 104, , et al. Function of HAb18G/CD147 in invasion of host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:755–60.
- 105, , et al. Purification, pharmacological modulation, and biochemical characterization of interactors of endogenous human gamma-secretase. Biochemistry 2009; 48:1183–97.
- 106, , et al. Evidence that CD147 modulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) levels is mediated by extracellular degradation of secreted Abeta. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:19489–98.
- 107, , , , , . Emmprin (basigin/CD147): matrix metalloproteinase modulator and multifunctional cell recognition molecule that plays a critical role in cancer progression. Pathol Int 2006; 56:359–67.
- 108, , . Roles of the multifunctional glycoprotein, emmprin (basigin; CD147), in tumour progression. Thromb Haemost 2005; 93:199–204.
- 109, , et al. Tumorigenic potential of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. Am J Pathol 2001; 158:1921–8.
- 110, , , , , . Matrix-metalloproteinases in Hodgkin lymphoma. Anticancer Res 2003; 23:1555–8.
- 111, , . Antibody localization to B-cell lymphoma xenografts in immunodeficient mice: importance of using residualizing radiolabels. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8:2632–9.
- 112, , . Basigin (CD147) is expressed on melanoma cells and induces tumor cell invasion by stimulating production of matrix metalloproteinases by fibroblasts. Int J Cancer 2002; 99:520–8.
- 113, , et al. Expression of emmprin by oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2000; 85:347–52.
- 114, , , , . EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) is a novel marker of poor outcome in serous ovarian carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2003; 20:161–9.
- 115, , , , , . Increasing EMMPRIN and matriptase expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: tissue microarray analysis of immunohistochemical scores with clinicopathological parameters. Histopathology 2006; 49:388–95.
- 116, , et al. Expression of CD147 as a significantly unfavorable prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer Prev 2007; 16:196–202.
- 117, , et al. Emmprin and survivin predict response and survival following cisplatin-containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4407–14.
- 118, , , , . EMMPRIN expression as a prognostic factor in radiotherapy of cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:494–501.
- 119, , et al. Cellular localization of EMMPRIN predicts prognosis of patients with operable lung adenocarcinoma independent from MMP-2 and MMP-9. Mod Pathol 2008; 21:1130–8.
- 120, , et al. Prediction of prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma by CD147 and MMP-2 immunohistochemistry. Med Oncol 2009; 26:117–23.
- 121, , , . Role of emmprin/CD147 in tissue remodeling. Connect Tissue Res 2008; 49:175–9.
- 122, , et al. Cardiac-restricted overexpression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer causes myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in aging mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1394–H1402.
- 123, , et al. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer/CD147 promotes myofibroblast differentiation by inducing alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and collagen gel contraction: implications in tissue remodeling. FASEB J 2008; 22:1144–54.
- 124, . Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases is at the heart of myocardial remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1375–H1376.
- 125, , , , , . Cyclophilin A is upregulated in small cell lung cancer and activates ERK1/2 signal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:763–7.
- 126, , et al. Cyclophilin A is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and stimulates cell proliferation through CD147. Cancer 2006; 106:2284–94.
- 127, , , , , . Cyclic mechanical strain-induced proliferation and migration of human airway smooth muscle cells: role of EMMPRIN and MMPs. FASEB J 2005; 19:1507–9.
- 128, , et al. Ventilator-induced lung injury upregulates and activates gelatinases and EMMPRIN: attenuation by the synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, Prinomastat (AG3340). Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 25:717–24.
- 129, , , , , . Targeting the chemotactic function of CD147 reduces collagen-induced arthritis. Immunology 2009; 126:55–62.
- 130, , et al. CD147 overexpression on synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis enhances matrix metalloproteinase production and invasiveness of synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8.
- 131, , et al. Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and enhancement of the production of matrix metalloproteinases in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:373–8.
- 132, , et al. Increased expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43:275–80.
- 133, , et al. Roles of CD147 on T lymphocytes activation and MMP-9 secretion in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:339–48.
- 134, , , , . Insights into the pathobiology of hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis: analysis of intrahepatic differential gene expression. Am J Pathol 2002; 160:641–54.
- 135, , et al. EMMPRIN mediates beta-adrenergic receptor-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase activity in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 44:210–17.
- 136, , et al. Upstream regulation of matrix metalloproteinase by EMMPRIN; extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in advanced atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis 2005; 180:37–44.
- 137, , et al. A matrix metalloproteinase induction/activation system exists in the human left ventricular myocardium and is upregulated in heart failure. Circulation 2000; 102:1944–9.
- 138, , et al. Upregulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and gelatinases in human atherosclerosis infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae: the potential role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the progression of atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Med 2002; 34:391–400.
- 139, , , , . Prevention of ischemia/reperfusion-induced accumulation of matrix metalloproteinases in rat lung by preconditioning with nitric oxide. J Surg Res 2009; 152:198–208.
- 140, , et al. Liver proteomics for therapeutic drug discovery: inhibition of the cyclophilin receptor CD147 attenuates sepsis-induced acute renal failure. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2319–28.
- 141, , et al. Elevated serum cyclophilin levels in patients with severe sepsis. J Clin Immunol 1997; 17:380–6.
- 142, , et al. Presence of autoantibodies to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclosporin A-binding protein) in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1992; 63:58–65.
- 143, , , , . Autoantibodies against cyclophilin in systemic lupus erythematosus and Lyme disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 90:422–7.
- 144, , et al. Contribution of cyclophilin A to the regulation of inflammatory processes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Immunol 2009; in press.
- 145, , , , . Presence of cyclophilin A in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med 1997; 185:975–80.
- 146, , . Dealing with the family: CD147 interactions with cyclophilins. Immunology 2006; 117:301–9.
- 147, , , , , . Development of a novel 2D proteomics approach for the identification of proteins secreted by primary chondrocytes after stimulation by IL-1 and oncostatin M. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2006; 45:1101–9.
- 148, , , , . High binding capacity of cyclophilin B to chondrocyte heparan sulfate proteoglycans and its release from the cell surface by matrix metalloproteinases: possible role as a proinflammatory mediator in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:2197–206.
- 149, , , , , . Expression of CD147 on monocytes/macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis: its potential role in monocyte accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase production. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R1023–R1033.
- 150, , et al. Characterization of fibroblasts responsible for cartilage destruction in arthritis. Cytometry A 2008; 73:351–60.
- 151, , et al. Inhibitory effect of CD147/HAb18 monoclonal antibody on cartilage erosion and synovitis in the SCID mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2009; 48:721–6.
- 152, , et al. EMMPRIN and its ligand cyclophilin A regulate MT1-MMP, MMP-9 and M-CSF during foam cell formation. Atherosclerosis 2009.
- 153, , , , , . Cyclophilin A: potential functions and therapeutic target for human cancer. Med Sci Monit 2009; 15:RA221–RA232.
- 154, , et al. Involvement of CD147 in overexpression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and enhancement of invasive potential of PMA-differentiated THP-1. BMC Cell Biol 2005; 6:25.
- 155, , . A CD147-targeting siRNA inhibits the proliferation, invasiveness, and VEGF production of human malignant melanoma cells by down-regulating glycolysis. Cancer Lett 2009; 273:140–7.
- 156, , et al. A small interfering CD147-targeting RNA inhibited the proliferation, invasiveness, and metastatic activity of malignant melanoma. Cancer Res 2006; 66:11323–30.
- 157, , et al. RNA interference targeting the CD147 induces apoptosis of multi-drug resistant cancer cells related to XIAP depletion. Cancer Lett 2009; 276:189–95.
- 158, , et al. A cyclosporin derivative discriminates between extracellular and intracellular cyclophilins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:213–15.
- 159, , et al. Isoform-specific inhibition of cyclophilins. Biochemistry 2009; 48:6268–77.
- 160, , , , , . Identification of an active site of EMMPRIN for the augmentation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 expression in a co-culture of human uterine cervical carcinoma cells and fibroblasts. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 114:337–42.
- 161, , , . The role of charged residues in the transmembrane helices of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and its ancillary protein basigin in determining plasma membrane expression and catalytic activity. Mol Membr Biol 2006; 23:486–98.
- 162, , et al. CD98 modulates integrin beta1 function in polarized epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:889–99.
- 163, . Metabolic activation-related CD147–CD98 complex. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005; 4:1061–71.
- 164, , . Basigin (EMMPRIN/CD147) interacts with integrin to affect cellular architecture. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:2649–60.
- 165, , , , , . Regulation of CD147 cell surface expression: involvement of the proline residue in the CD147 transmembrane domain. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:17013–19.
- 166, , , , , . Interaction with glycosaminoglycans is required for cyclophilin B to trigger integrin-mediated adhesion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes to extracellular matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99:2714–19.

1365-2249/asset/cei_left.gif?v=1&s=ffee144c532fe5e73bbb89290ba14e154b0d400b)
1365-2249/asset/cei_right.gif?v=1&s=c14d545a5215173707c8202758d5b25fd0bede44)
