Environmental, occupational and familial risks for testicular cancer: a hospital-based case-control study

  1. Marie Walschaerts1,
  2. Audrey Muller1,
  3. Jacques Auger2,
  4. Louis Bujan3,
  5. Jean-François Guérin4,
  6. Dominique Le Lannou5,
  7. André Clavert6,
  8. Alfred Spira7,
  9. Pierre Jouannet2,
  10. Patrick Thonneau1

Article first published online: 9 AUG 2007

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00805.x

Issue

International Journal of Andrology

International Journal of Andrology

Volume 30, Issue 4, pages 222–229, August 2007

Additional Information

How to Cite

Walschaerts, M., Muller, A., Auger, J., Bujan, L., Guérin, J.-F., Lannou, D. L., Clavert, A., Spira, A., Jouannet, P. and Thonneau, P. (2007), Environmental, occupational and familial risks for testicular cancer: a hospital-based case-control study. International Journal of Andrology, 30: 222–229. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00805.x

Author Information

  1. 1

    Human Fertility Research Group EA 3694, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France

  2. 2

    Service de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS (Centre d’Etude et de Conservation d’Oeufs et de Sperme humains), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France

  3. 3

    CECOS Midi-Pyrénées, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 31059 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France

  4. 4

    Département de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine – CECOS, 69373 Lyon, France

  5. 5

    Service de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS, Hôpital de l’Hôtel-Dieu, 35000 Rennes, France

  6. 6

    Service de Biologie de la Reproduction – CECOS Alsace, 67091 Strasbourg, France

  7. 7

    INSERM (National Institute For Health and Medical Research) U569, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

*Patrick Thonneau, Human Fertility Research Group EA 3694, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France. E-mail: thonneau.p@chu-toulouse.fr

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 9 AUG 2007
  2. Article first published online: 9 AUG 2007
  3. Received 10 January 2007; revised 9 and 31 May 2007; accepted 7 June 2007.

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Keywords:

  • environmental exposure;
  • epidemiology;
  • familial risk;
  • testicular cancer

Summary

Testicular cancer (TC) risk factors remain largely unknown, except for personal history of cryptorchidism and familial history of TC. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study on familial, environmental and occupational conditions in which we compared 229 cases and 800 controls. TC was correlated with cryptorchidism (OR = 3.02; CI: 1.90–4.79), a history of cryptorchidism in relatives (OR = 2.85; CI: 1.70–4.79), and TC (OR = 9.58; CI: 4.01–22.88], prostate cancer (OR = 1.80; CI: 1.08–3.02) and breast cancer (OR = 1.77; CI: 1.20–2.60) in relatives. Living in a rural area or having regular gardening activity (growing fruit or vegetables) was associated with an increased risk of TC (OR = 1.63; CI: 1.16–2.29; OR = 1.84; CI: 1.23–2.75). Regarding occupation, we found a relationship with employment in metal trimming (OR = 1.96; CI: 1.00–3.86), chemical manufacture (OR = 1.88; CI: 1.14–3.10), industrial production of glue (OR = 2.21; CI: 1.15–4.25), and welding (OR = 2.84; CI: 1.51–5.35). In a multivariate model, only a history of cryptorchidism in the men, cryptorchidism in relatives, TC, and breast cancer remained significant. Our findings contribute further evidence to a pattern of TC risk factors, which include the significant weight of personal reproductive history and also of testicular and breast cancer in relatives. By including in a multivariate model variables linked to environmental and occupational exposure and related to familial cancer history, neither living in a rural area nor any occupational exposure appeared to be a potential environmental TC risk factor.

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