Steatosis and insulin resistance in response to treatment of chronic hepatitis C

Summary.  This review will focus on the impact of steatosis and insulin resistance on the response to antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is known to have direct and/or indirect effects on lipid and glucose metabolism, leading to, among other disturbances, steatosis and insulin resistance, respectively. Some of these disturbances have a marked HCV genotype distribution. For example, on average, patients with HCV genotype 3 have the highest prevalence and severity of viral fatty liver. On the other hand, the current global spread of the metabolic syndrome represents a formidable cofactor of morbidity in HCV-related chronic liver disease. Thus, the pathogenesis of steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C may often be dual, i.e. viral and metabolic. This distinction is relevant because the effect (if any) of steatosis or insulin resistance on the response to antiviral agents seems to depend on their pathogenesis. Accumulating data suggest that viral fatty liver may not impact on response to therapy, while metabolic steatosis does. Similarly, viral insulin resistance may not reduce the rate of response to therapy to the same extent that metabolic insulin resistance does. Some implications for patient management are discussed.