Wilhelm E. Hagiwara and Naohiro Uwatoko contributed equally to this work.
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Diversification in flowering time due to tandem FT-like gene duplication, generating novel Mendelian factors in wild and cultivated rice
Article first published online: 9 MAR 2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04119.x
© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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How to Cite
HAGIWARA, W. E., UWATOKO, N., SASAKI, A., MATSUBARA, K., NAGANO, H., ONISHI, K. and SANO, Y. (2009), Diversification in flowering time due to tandem FT-like gene duplication, generating novel Mendelian factors in wild and cultivated rice. Molecular Ecology, 18: 1537–1549. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04119.x
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Wilhelm E. Hagiwara and Naohiro Uwatoko contributed equally to this work.
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Present address: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
Publication History
- Issue published online: 19 MAR 2009
- Article first published online: 9 MAR 2009
- Received 11 November 2008; revision received 30 December 2008; accepted 14 January 2009
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Keywords:
- epistasis;
- evolutionary adaptation;
- FT-like genes;
- quantitative trait;
- rice;
- tandem gene duplication
Abstract
The complex structure of a single Mendelian factor widespread in the Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and its wild progenitor (Oryza rufipogon) that caused diverse phenotypes in the timing of flowering under natural field conditions was investigated in near isogenic lines. These near isogenic lines showed differences in flowering time despite all eight accessions collected from tropical regions possessing a recessive gene allelic to the se-pat gene. Fine mapping in two of these near-isogenic lines revealed that cultivated (Patpaku) and wild (W593) accessions had three and two linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the candidate regions, respectively, showing that Patpaku and W593 possessed linked QTLs with different effects in addition to the commonly-observed recessive gene (se-pat). Molecular dissection suggested that the tandemly duplicated FT-like genes (Hd3a and RFT1) could be the candidate genes for these QTLs. Interestingly, the linked QTLs differed in their epistases, degree of dominance, and genotype × environment interactions. The nucleotide sequences showed that RFT1 has diverged more rapidly than Hd3a during rice evolution, suggesting phenotypic diversification of the two genes. Phylogenetic analysis implied that the se-pat+ alleles might have emerged in different lineages within O. sativa. The present results strongly suggest that nucleotide divergence and shuffling of the linked QTLs by recombination might have created novel Mendelian factors that probably contribute to responding to local environments.