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The Pseudomonas siderophore quinolobactin is synthesized from xanthurenic acid, an intermediate of the kynurenine pathway

  1. Sandra Matthijs1,
  2. Christine Baysse1,†,
  3. Nico Koedam1,
  4. Kourosh Abbaspour Tehrani2,
  5. Lieve Verheyden1,2,
  6. Herbert Budzikiewicz3,
  7. Mathias Schäfer3,
  8. Bart Hoorelbeke4,
  9. Jean-Marie Meyer5,
  10. Henri De Greve6,
  11. Pierre Cornelis1,*

Article first published online: 19 MAR 2004

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.03999.x

Issue

Molecular Microbiology

Molecular Microbiology

Volume 52, Issue 2, pages 371–384, April 2004

Additional Information

How to Cite

Matthijs, S., Baysse, C., Koedam, N., Tehrani, K. A., Verheyden, L., Budzikiewicz, H., Schäfer, M., Hoorelbeke, B., Meyer, J.-M., De Greve, H. and Cornelis, P. (2004), The Pseudomonas siderophore quinolobactin is synthesized from xanthurenic acid, an intermediate of the kynurenine pathway. Molecular Microbiology, 52: 371–384. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.03999.x

Author Information

  1. 1

    Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

  2. 2

    Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

  3. 3

    Institüt für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, D-50939, Germany.

  4. 4

    VIB Proteomics Core Facility, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.

  5. 5

    Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique, Université Louis Pasteur, CNRS FRE 2326, Strasbourg, France.

  6. 6

    Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

  1. †

    Present address: Biomerit Research Centre, University College Cork, Ireland.

* E-mail pcornel@vub.ac.be; Tel. (+ 32) 26291906; Fax (+ 32) 26291902.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 19 MAR 2004
  2. Article first published online: 19 MAR 2004
  3. Accepted 24 December, 2003.

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Summary

To cope with iron deficiency fluorescent pseu-domonads produce pyoverdines which are complex peptidic siderophores that very efficiently scavenge iron. In addition to pyoverdine some species also produce other siderophores. Recently, it was shown that Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 pro-duces the siderophore quinolobactin, an 8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-quinoline carboxylic acid (Mossialos, D., Meyer, J.M., Budzikiewicz, H., Wolff, U., Koedam, N., Baysse, C., Anjaiah, V., and Cornelis, P. (2000) Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 487–492). The entire quinolobactin biosynthetic, transport and uptake gene cluster, consisting out of two operons comprising 12 open reading frames, was cloned and sequenced. Based on the genes present and physiological complementation assays a biosynthetic pathway for quinolobactin is proposed. Surprisingly, this pathway turned out to combine genes derived from the eukaryotic tryptophan-xanthurenic acid branch of the kynurenine pathway and from the pathway for the biosynthesis of pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylic acid) from P. stutzeri, PDTC. These results clearly show the involvement of the tryptophan-kynurenine-xanthurenic acid pathway in the synthesis of an authentic quinoline siderophore.

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