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PICKLE acts during germination to repress expression of embryonic traits
Article first published online: 21 NOV 2005
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02602.x
Additional Information
How to Cite
Li, H.-C., Chuang, K., Henderson, J. T., Rider, S. D., Bai, Y., Zhang, H., Fountain, M., Gerber, J. and Ogas, J. (2005), PICKLE acts during germination to repress expression of embryonic traits. The Plant Journal, 44: 1010–1022. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02602.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 24 NOV 2005
- Article first published online: 21 NOV 2005
- Received 13 July 2005; revised 20 September 2005; accepted 27 September 2005.
Keywords:
- CHD3;
- chromatin remodeling factor;
- embryo;
- seedling;
- germination;
- developmental transition
Summary
PICKLE (PKL) codes for a CHD3 chromatin remodeling factor that plays multiple roles in Arabidopsis growth and development. Previous analysis of the expression of genes that exhibit PKL-dependent regulation suggested that PKL acts during germination to repress expression of embryonic traits. In this study, we examined the expression of PKL protein to investigate when and where PKL acts to regulate development. A PKL:eGFP translational fusion is preferentially localized in the nucleus of cells, consistent with the proposed role for PKL as a chromatin remodeling factor. A steroid-inducible version of PKL [a fusion of PKL to the glucocorticoid receptor (PKL:GR)] was used to examine when PKL acts to repress expression of embryonic traits. We found that activation of PKL:GR during germination was sufficient to repress expression of embryonic traits in the primary roots of pkl seedlings, whereas activation of PKL:GR after germination had little effect. In contrast, we observed that PKL is required continuously after germination to repress expression of PHERES1, a type I MADS box gene that is normally expressed during early embryogenesis in wild-type plants. Thus, PKL acts at multiple points during development to regulate patterns of gene expression in Arabidopsis.