Present address: Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, 206 Rightmire Hall, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Differential gene expression in Arabidopsis wild-type and mutant anthers: insights into anther cell differentiation and regulatory networks
Article first published online: 30 JUL 2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03217.x
Additional Information
How to Cite
Wijeratne, A. J., Zhang, W., Sun, Y., Liu, W., Albert, R., Zheng, Z., Oppenheimer, D. G., Zhao, D. and Ma, H. (2007), Differential gene expression in Arabidopsis wild-type and mutant anthers: insights into anther cell differentiation and regulatory networks. The Plant Journal, 52: 14–29. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03217.x
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Present address: Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, 206 Rightmire Hall, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Present address: School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Present address: Global Discovery and Development Stats, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Present address: Department of Zoology, 425 Cancer and Genetics Research Complex. University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, PO Box 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 30 JUL 2007
- Article first published online: 30 JUL 2007
- Received 31 January 2007; revised 14 May 2007; accepted 24 May 2007.
Keywords:
- anther development;
- Arabidopsis;
- cis-regulatory elements;
- EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1 (EMS1)/EXTRASPOROGENOUS CELL (EXS);
- microarray;
- regulatory network;
- SPOROCYTELESS (SPL)/NOZZLE (NZZ)
Summary
In flowering plants, the anther contains highly specialized reproductive and somatic cells that are required for male fertility. Genetic studies have uncovered several genes that are important for anther development. However, little information is available regarding most genes active during anther development, including possible relationships between these genes and genetically defined regulators. In Arabidopsis, two previously isolated male-sterile mutants display dramatically altered anther cell differentiation patterns. The sporocyteless (spl)/nozzle (nzz) mutant is defective in the differentiation of primary sporogenous cells into microsporocytes, and does not properly form the anther wall. The excess microsporocytes1 (ems1)/extrasporogenous cells (exs) mutants produce excess microsporocytes at the expense of the tapetum. To gain additional insights into microsporocyte and tapetum differentiation and to uncover potential genetic interactions, expression profiles were compared between wild-type anthers (stage 4–6) and those of the spl or ems1 mutants. A total of 1954 genes were found to be differentially expressed in the ems1 and/or spl anthers, and these were grouped into 14 co-expression clusters. The presence of genes with known and predicted functions in specific clusters suggests potential functions for other genes in the same cluster. To obtain clues about possible co-regulation within co-expression clusters, we searched for shared cis-regulatory motifs in putative promoter regions. Our analyses were combined with data from previous studies to develop a model of the anther gene regulatory network. This model includes hypotheses that can be tested experimentally to gain further understanding of the mechanisms controlling anther development.