Present address: Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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HDA19 is required for the repression of salicylic acid biosynthesis and salicylic acid-mediated defense responses in Arabidopsis
Article first published online: 13 APR 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.04977.x
© 2012 The Authors. The Plant Journal © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Additional Information
How to Cite
Choi, S.-M., Song, H.-R., Han, S.-K., Han, M., Kim, C.-Y., Park, J., Lee, Y.-H., Jeon, J.-S., Noh, Y.-S. and Noh, B. (2012), HDA19 is required for the repression of salicylic acid biosynthesis and salicylic acid-mediated defense responses in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 71: 135–146. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.04977.x
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Present address: Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 18 JUN 2012
- Article first published online: 13 APR 2012
- Accepted manuscript online: 1 MAR 2012 04:40PM EST
- Received 13 July 2011; revised 13 February 2012; accepted 25 February 2012; published online 13 April 2012.
Keywords:
- HDA19;
- histone acetylation;
- chromatin;
- salicylic acid;
- pathogenesis;
- PR1;
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Summary
To cope with a lifetime of exposure to a variety of pathogens, plants have developed exquisite and refined defense mechanisms that vary depending on the type of attacking pathogen. Defense-associated transcriptional reprogramming is a central part of plant defense mechanisms. Chromatin modification has recently been shown to be another layer of regulation for plant defense mechanisms. Here, we show that the RPD3/HDA1-class histone deacetylase HDA19 is involved in the repression of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses in Arabidopsis. Loss of HDA19 activity increased SA content and increased the expression of a group of genes required for accumulation of SA as well as pathogenesis related (PR) genes, resulting in enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. We found that HDA19 directly associates with and deacetylates histones at the PR1 and PR2 promoters. Thus, our study shows that HDA19, by modifying chromatin to a repressive state, ensures low basal expression of defense genes, such as PR1, under unchallenged conditions, as well as their proper induction without overstimulation during defense responses to pathogen attacks. Thus, the role of HDA19 might be critical in preventing unnecessary activation and self-destructive overstimulation of defense responses, allowing successful growth and development.