On the systematics of the fungus gnat subfamily Mycetophilinae (Diptera): a combined morphological and molecular approach

  1. E. Rindal1,
  2. G. E. E. Søli2,
  3. L. Bachmann1

Article first published online: 17 FEB 2009

DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00498.x

Issue

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

Volume 47, Issue 3, pages 227–233, August 2009

Additional Information

How to Cite

Rindal, E., Søli, G. E. E. and Bachmann, L. (2009), On the systematics of the fungus gnat subfamily Mycetophilinae (Diptera): a combined morphological and molecular approach. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 47: 227–233. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00498.x

Author Information

  1. 1

    Natural History Museum, Departments of Zoology

  2. 2

    Exhibitions and Public Services, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

*Authors’ addresses: Eirik Rindal (for correspondence), Natural History Museum, Department for Zoology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, Oslo 0318, Norway. E-mail: eirik.rindal@nhm.uio.no; Geir E. E. Søli, Natural History Museum, Department for Exhibitions and Public Services, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, Oslo 0318, Norway. E-mail: geir.soli@nhm.uio.no; Lutz Bachmann, Natural History Museum, Department for Zoology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, Oslo 0318, Norway. E-mail: lutz.bachmann@nhm.uio.no

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 10 JUL 2009
  2. Article first published online: 17 FEB 2009
  3. Accepted on 12 August 2008

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Keywords:

  • Cytochrome oxidase I;
  • Exechiini;
  • Mycetophila-group;
  • Mycetophilini;
  • Phronia-group;
  • rDNA

Abstract

The phylogenetic relationships within the fungus gnat subfamily Mycetophilinae (Diptera) are addressed using a combined morphological and molecular approach. Twenty-four species, representing nine genera of the tribe Mycetophilini and 15 genera of the tribe Exechiini, were included in the study. Analyses include nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I and 16S), and nuclear (18S and 28S rDNA) genes, in addition to 65 morphological characters. A combined parsimony analysis, including all characters, supports the monophyly of the subfamily Mycetophilinae and two of its tribes, Exechiini and Mycetophilini. There is also statistical support for a Mycetophila-group and a Phronia-group within the tribe Mycetophilini. The Phronia-group includes the genera Phronia, Macrobrachius and Trichonta. The Mycetophila-group includes the genera Mycetophila, Epicypta, Platurocypta, Sceptonia and Zygomyia. A Bayesian analysis based on the nucleotide sequences alone also support these clades within Mycetophilini except for the position of Dynatosoma which is recovered as the sister taxon to the Phronia-group. A somewhat different pattern, however, is observed for the tribe Exechiini – neither molecular data nor the combined data set support unambiguously any intergeneric relationships within Exechiini.

Die phylogenetischen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen innerhalb der Pilzmücken der Unterfamilie Mycetophilinae (Diptera) wurden mit einem kombinierten morphologischen und molekularen Ansatz untersucht. Vierundzwanzig Arten aus 9 Gattungen des Tribus Mycetophilini und 15 Gattungen des Tribus Exechiini wurden in die Untersuchungen einbezogen. Die Ergebnisse einer kombinierten kladistischen Analyse von 65 morphologischen Merkmalen und den Nukleotidsequenzen der mitochondrialen Cytochrom Oxidase I und 16S Gene sowie der 18S und 28S Gene des Kerngenoms stützen die Monophylie der Unterfamilie Mycetophilinae sowie der beiden Tribus Exechiini und Mycetophilini. Weiterhin hatten die Mycetophila- und die Phronia-Gruppe innerhalb des Tribus Mycetophilini hohe statistische Unterstützung. Die Phronia-Gruppe schlieβt die Gattungen Phronia, Macrobrachius und Trichonta und die Mycetophila-Gruppe die Gattungen Mycetophila, Epicypta, Platurocypta, Sceptonia und Zygomyia ein. Die Gattung Dynatosoma gruppierte ebenso in der Mycetophila-Gruppe. Die Bayesische Analyse der Nukleotidsequenzen stützt ebenfalls die Monophylie der oben genannten Gruppen innerhalb des Tribus Mycetophilini. Ein anderes Bild ergab sich für den Tribus Exechiini. Weder die Analysen der molekularen Daten alleine noch in Kombination mit den morphologischen Daten ergaben für die einebezogenen Gattungen zweifelsfreie phylogenetische Verwandschaftsbeziehungen mit hoher statistischer Unterstützung.

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