1440-1746/asset/bannerforeground.gif?v=1&s=4827ac29d6722d27d364685387cbec1c304599fe)
You have free access to this content
Toward elimination and eradication of hepatitis B
Article first published online: 30 OCT 2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06165.x
Journal compilation © 2010 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Additional Information
How to Cite
Chen, D.-S. (2010), Toward elimination and eradication of hepatitis B. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 25: 19–25. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06165.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 22 DEC 2009
- Article first published online: 30 OCT 2009
- Accepted for publication 19 October 2009.
References
- 1. From hepatitis to hepatoma: lessons from type B viral hepatitis. Science 1993; 262: 369–70.
- 2. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J. Viral. Hepat. 2004; 11: 97–107.
- 3. Fact sheets for candidate disease for elimination or eradication. Hepatitis B virus infection. Bull. World Health Organ. 1998; 76: 152–3.
- 4. Eradication of vaccine-preventable diseases. Annu. Rev. Public Health 1999; 20: 211–29.
- 5. Hepatitis B vaccination: the key towards elimination and eradication of hepatitis B. J. Hepatol. 2009; 50: 805–16.
- 6, , , , . e entigen and anti-e in the serum of asymptomatic carrier mothers as indicators of positive and negative transmission of hepatitis B virus to their infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 1976; 294: 746–9.
- 7, , , . HBeAg and anti-HBe detection by radioimmunoassay: correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan. J. Med. Virol. 1979; 3: 237–41.
- 8. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: new light on an old story. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1993; 8: 470–5.
- 9, , , , . Outcome of perinatal hepatitis B virus exposure is dependent on maternal virus load. J. Infect. Dis. 1994; 170: 1418–23.
- 10, , , , . Hepatitis B surface antigenemia at birth: a long-term follow-up study. J. Pediatr. 1998; 133: 374–7.
- 11, , et al. Transplacental leakage of HBeAg-positive maternal blood as the most likely route in causing intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus. J. Pediatr. 1987; 111: 877–81.
- 12, , , , , . Spontaneous loss of hepatitis B surface antigen in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 1992; 15: 382–6.
- 13, . HBsAg seroclearance in asymptomatic carriers of high endemic areas: appreciably high rates during a long-term follow-up. Hepatology 2007; 45: 1187–92.
- 14, , , , , . Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan: studies of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum. Hepatology 1985; 5: 431–4.
- 15, . Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: what we knew in 1984 and what we know in 2005. Hepatology 2006; 43: S173–S181.
- 16, , , , , . Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection. Science 1999; 284: 825–9.
- 17, , et al. Acute exacerbations of chronic hepatitis B are accompanied by increased T cell responses to hepatitis B core and e antigens. Implications for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion. J. Clin. Invest. 1992; 89: 87–96.
- 18, , , . Understanding the immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus: an Asian prospective. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2008; 23: 833–43.
- 19, , . Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. J. Hepatol. 2008; 48: 335–52.
- 20, , et al. Mutation preventing formation of hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Lancet 1989; 334: 588–91.
- 21, , et al. Hepatitis B virus with pre-core region defects prevail in persistently infected hosts along with seroconversion to the antibody against e antigen. J. Virol. 1990; 64: 1298–303.
- 22, , et al. Hepatitis B virus with mutations in the core promoter for an e antigen-negative phenotype in carriers with antibody to e antigen. J. Virol. 1994; 68: 8102–10.
- 23, , et al. Hepatitis B virus basal core promoter mutation and DNA load correlate with expression of hepatitis B core antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J. Infect. Dis. 2009; 199: 742–9.
- 24, , , , . Basal core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers. Gastroenterology 2003; 124: 327–34.
- 25, , et al. Associations between hepatitis B virus genotype and mutants and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 2008; 100: 1134–43.
- 26, . Global control of hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet. Infect. Dis. 2002; 2: 395–403.
- 27, , , , . Management of chronic hepatitis B: summary of a clinical workshop. Hepatology 2007; 45: 1056–75.
- 28
- 29, , et al. Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during adefovir dipivoxil therapy. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 1750–8.
- 30. Benefits and risks of nucleoside analog therapy for hepatitis B. Hepatology 2009; 49: 112s–21s.
- 31, , , , . Seroepidemiologic survey for hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan: the effect of hepatitis B mass vaccination. J. Infect. Dis. 1999; 179: 367–70.
- 32, , , . Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2007.
- 33, , , , , . Lamivudine treatment during pregnancy to prevent perinatial transmission of hepatitis B virus infection. J. Viral. Hepat. 2003; 10: 294–7.
- 34, , et al. Lamivudine in late pregnancy to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Viral. Hepat. 2009; 16: 94–103.
- 35The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry. Cited 10 August 2009. Available from URL: http://www.apregistry.com/forms/interim_report.pdf
- 36. Unsafe injections. Bull. World Health Organ. 1998; 76: 99–100.
- 37, , , , . Reduced risk of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among injection drug users in the Takoma syringe exchange program. Am. J. Public Health 1995; 85: 1531–7.
- 38, , , , , . Syringe exchange and risk of infection with hepatitis B and C virus. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1999; 149: 203–13.
- 39, , , , . Transfusion-transmitted HBV infection in an endemic area: the necessity of a more sensitive screening for HBV carriers. Transfusion 2002; 42: 1592–7.
- 40, , et al. Transmission of occult hepatitis B virus by transfusion to adult and pediatric recipients in Taiwan. J. Hepatol. 2006; 44: 39–46.
- 41, . Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus infection. J. Hepatol. 2009; 51: 798–809.
- 42, , , . Elective caesarean section versus vaginal delivery for preventing mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus—a systematic review. Virol. J. 2008; 5: 100.
- 43, . Vertical transmission of HBV and interruption with globulin. In: VyasGN, CohenSN, SchmidR, eds. Viral Hepatitis. Philadelphia: Franklin Institute Press, 1978; 333–45.
- 44, , . Effect of delivery mode on maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus by immunoprophylaxis. Chin. Med. J. 2002; 115: 1510–2.
- 45Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines—2002. MMWR 2002; 51 (RR06): 1–80.
- 46, , , , , . Risk of hepatitis B transmission in breast-fed infants of chronic hepatitis B carriers. Obstet. Gynecol. 2002; 99: 1049–52.
- 47, , et al. A mass vaccination program in Taiwan against hepatitis B virus infection in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. JAMA 1987; 257: 2597–603.
- 48, , et al. Active immunization to prevent de novo hepatitis B virus infection in pediatric liver donor liver recipients. Am. J. Transpl. 2007; 7: 195–200.
- 49, , . Hepatitis B virus DNA during pregnancy and postpartum: aspects on vertical transmission. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 2003; 35: 814–9.
- 50, , et al. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis B in the United States. Need for alternative vaccination strategies. JAMA 1990; 263: 1218–22.
- 51, , et al. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997; 336: 1855–9.
- 52, , et al. Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccinees: a 20-year follow-up study. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 2009; 101: 1348–55.
- 53, , . Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children in Khon Kaen before and after national hepatitis B vaccine program. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2008; 9: 507–10.