Response to bronchodilator in infants with bronchiolitis can be predicted from wheeze characteristics

Objective:  Lung sounds analysis has been used for clinical care. Our objectives were to characterize the spectral pattern of lung sounds and their relation to bronchodilator effects in acute bronchiolitis (AB). We hypothesized that patients with sinusoidal wheezes (SW) would show a more significant bronchodilator response.

Methodology:  We studied 22 asleep hospitalized infants (14 boys, eight girls), aged 5.2 ± 1 months, 16 with a positive respiratory syncytial virus test, during their first 3 days after admission. Patients breathed spontaneously through a face mask connected to a pneumotachograph during normal breathing, and only target flows of 0.1 ± 0.02 L/s were analyzed. Sounds were obtained using two contact sensors attached over both posterior lower lobes. For inspiratory and expiratory sounds, we determined the frequencies below which 25% (F25), 50% (F50), 75% (F75) and 99% (SEF99) of the spectral power between 100 and 1000 Hz was contained. We repeated the measurements 20 min after bronchodilator therapy in all patients.

Results:  We found classic SW in 11 patients, while the other 11 had complex wheezes (CW). There were positive bronchodilator responses in 9/11 with SW and 3/11 with CW (P < 0.01). Patients who responded to salbutamol showed an increase in power at low frequencies after medication (P < 0.01), and a positive correlation between wheezing and the increase in the power spectra measured by F50 and SEF99 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:  We conclude that sinusoidal and complex wheezes occur in patients with AB, that a positive response to bronchodilator is significantly more common in those with classic SW and that lung sounds analysis is a reproducible, safe and non-invasive method for assessing wheeze in infants.