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The place of vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the treatment of 18 children with severe complications of hiatus hernia is discussed. Vagotomy with pyloroplasty was performed in four groups of cases: (a) as a primary procedure with concurrent repair of the hiatus hernia; (b) without repair of the hiatus hernia; (c) after failure of transthoracic repair of hiatus hernia; (d) accompanying excision of a stricture and æsophago-gastric anastomosis or colon transplant. The importance is stressed of early operation to reduce the acid gastric reflux when marked æsophagitis or stricture is present. The results were good in 16 cases and fair in one, and there was one death.