1461-0248/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=3cdd97f41173d141f3f51773629729a6ad3be0ef)
1461-0248/asset/ele_centre.gif?v=1&s=8f1a28c45a6b32f9407a8bd9efb9c5b2aaffe521)
REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS
You have free access to this content
Ecological consequences of genetic diversity
Article first published online: 8 APR 2008
DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01179.x
© 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS
Additional Information
How to Cite
Hughes, A. R., Inouye, B. D., Johnson, M. T. J., Underwood, N. and Vellend, M. (2008), Ecological consequences of genetic diversity. Ecology Letters, 11: 609–623. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01179.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 8 APR 2008
- Article first published online: 8 APR 2008
- Editor, Oswald Schmitz Manuscript received 29 November 2007 First decision made 2 January 2008 Manuscript accepted 12 February 2008
References
- & (1997). Prey adaptation as a cause of predator–prey cycles. Evolution, 51, 1742–1750.
- , , , , , et al. (2007). Filling key gaps in population and community ecology. Front. Ecol. Environ., 5, 145–152.
- , & (2003). Rapid evolutionary dynamics and disease threats to biodiversity. Trends Ecol. Evol., 18, 589–596.
- (1992). Toward community genetics. In: Plant Resistance to Herbivores and Pathogens: Ecology, Evolution, and Genetics (eds Fritz, R.S. & Simms, E.L.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 426–449.
- & (1984). Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. I. A test of the frequency-dependent selection hypothesis. Evolution, 38, 103–115.
- (2004). Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution, 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
- , , , , & (2005). Benefits of conservation of plant genetic diversity to arthropod diversity. Conserv. Biol., 19, 379–390.
- , , , , , et al. (2006). Genetic structure of a foundation species: scaling community phenotypes from the individual to the region. Heredity, 100, 121–131.
- (1991). The ecology and genetics of fitness in Chlamydomonas. IV. The properties of mixtures of genotypes of the same species. Evolution, 45, 1036–1046.
- (1960). The genetic factor in population ecology. Am. Nat., 94, 5–24.
- & (2000). Linking genetic change to community evolution: insights from studies of bacteria and bacteriophage. Ecol. Lett., 3, 362–377.
- , & (2004). Self-generated diversity produces ‘insurance effects’ in biofilm communities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 101, 16630–16635.
- , , , , , et al. (2003). The ecology of individuals: incidence and implications of individual specialization. Am. Nat., 161, 1–28.
- & (2007). Bam swallow chicks beg more loudly when broodmates are unrelated. J. Evol. Biol., 21, 256–262.
- & (2003). Effects of genetic impoverishment on plant community diversity. J. Ecol., 91, 721–730.
- & (1984). Insect population response to mixed and uniform plantings of resistant and susceptible plant material. Environ. Entomol., 13, 1443–1445.
- , , , , , et al. (2007). Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 104, 18123–18128.
- , & (2004). Fecundity of trees and the colonization-competition hypothesis. Ecol. Monogr., 74, 415–442.
- , & (2007). Genotypic diversity mediates the distribution of an ecosystem engineer. Ecology, 88, 2114–2120.
- , , , , & (2006). Plant genotypic diversity predicts community structure and governs an ecosystem process. Science, 313, 966–968.
- , & (2008). Intraspecific diversity and dominant genotypes resist plant invasions. Ecol. Lett., 11, 16–23.
- (1997). Genetic variation and the persistence of predator–prey interaction in the Nicholson–Bailey model. J. Theor. Biol., 188, 109–120.
- & (2007). Kin recognition in an annual plant. Biol. Lett., 3, 435–438.
- (1958). The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. Methuen & Co., London.
- & (1985). Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. II. A test of the density-dependent selection hypothesis. Evolution, 39, 657–666.
- (1986). Natural Selection in the Wild. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
- & (1996). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, 4th edn. Longman, Essex.
- , & (2003). The influence of malaria parasite genetic diversity and anaemia on mosquito feeding and fecundity. Parasitology, 127, 9–19.
- (1930). The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- (1964). Ecological Genetics. Chapman & Hall, London.
- , & (2002). Introduction to Conservation Genetics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- , & (2007). Genetic identity of interspecific neighbours mediates plant responses to competition and environmental variation in a species-rich grassland. J. Ecol., 95, 908–915.
- , & (2007). Eco-evolutionary dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Funct. Ecol., 21, 465–477.
- (1986). Evolutionary Biology, 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
- & (2007). Increasing intraspecific diversity increases predictability in population survival in the face of perturbations. Oikos, 116, 700–705.
- , , , & (2005). Increasing intraspecific diversity enhances settling success in a marine invertebrate. Ecology, 86, 3219–3224.
- & (2004). Physiologically mediated self/non-self discrimination in roots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 101, 3863–3867.
- , , , & (2005). Rapid evolution and the convergence of ecological and evolutionary time. Ecol. Lett., 8, 1114–1127.
- (1932). The Causes of Evolution. Longmans, Green & Co., London.
- , & (2000). Associational resistance: insect damage to purple loosestrife reduced in thickets of sweet gale. Ecology, 81, 1784–1794.
- , , , , , et al. (2005). Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecol. Monogr., 75, 3–35.
- (1992). Comparing evolvability and variability of quantitative traits. Genetics, 130, 195–204.
- & (2004). Genetic diversity enhances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, 8998–9002.
- , , & (2007). Reciprocal relationships and potential feedbacks between biodiversity and disturbance. Ecol. Lett., 10, 849–864.
- (1997). Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia, 110, 449–460.
- (2005). The importance of the variance around the mean effect size for ecological processes: comment. Ecology, 86, 262–265.
- & (2005). Plant genotype and environment interact to shape a diverse arthropod community on evening primrose (Oenothera biennis). Ecology, 86, 874–885.
- & (2007). An emerging synthesis between community ecology and evolutionary biology. Trends Ecol. Evol., 22, 250–257.
- , & (2006). Additive and interactive effects of plant genotypic diversity on arthropod communities and plant fitness. Ecol. Lett., 9, 24–34.
- , , & (2004). Honey bee nest thermoregulation: diversity promotes stability. Science, 305, 402–404.
- , , & (2006). Niche complementarity for nitrogen: an explanation for the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationship? Ecology, 87, 1244–1255.
- , & (1988). A test of the short-term advantage of sexual reproduction. Nature, 331, 714–716.
- & (2006). The effects of pollen diversity on plant reproduction: Insights from apple. Sexual plant reproduction, 19, 125–131.
- (1988). Genetics and demography in biological conservation. Science, 241, 1455–1460.
- & (2007). Mutual feedbacks maintain both genetic and species diversity in a plant community. Science, 317, 1561–1563.
- , , & (2006). How general are positive relationship between plant population size, fitness, and genetic variation? J. Ecol., 94, 942–952.
- (2000). Species diversity and biological invasions: relating local process to community pattern. Science, 288, 852–854.
- & (2001). Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments. Nature, 412, 72–76.
- & (2002). Phenotypic diversity influences ecosystem functioning in an oak sandhills community. Ecology, 83, 2084–2090.
- , & (2006). Genetic identity of Populus tremuloides litter influences decomposition and nutrient release in a mixed forest stand. Ecosystems, 9, 528–537.
- & (2007). Genetic diversity in honey bee colonies enhances productivity and fitness. Science, 317, 362–364.
- (1973). Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
- , , & (2006). Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits. Trends Ecol. Evol., 21, 178–185.
- (2002). Use of multiline cultivars and cultivar mixtures for disease management. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 40, 381–410.
- & (2007). Genetic diversity promotes homeostasis in insect colonies. Trends Ecol. Evol., 22, 408–413.
- , , & (2001). Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems? J. Appl. Ecol., 38, 1070–1081.
- & (2005). Susceptibility of Italian agile frog populations to an emerging strain of Ranavirus parallels population genetic diversity. Ecol. Lett., 8, 401–408.
- (1968). Population regulation and genetic feedback. Science, 159, 1432–1437.
- (1988). Leafhopper response to genetically diverse maize stands. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 49, 213–219.
- , & (2007). Partitioning average competition and extreme-genotype effects in genetically diverse infections. Oikos, 117, 399–405.
- & (2001). How closely correlated are molecular and quantitative measures of genetic variation? A meta-analysis. Evolution, 55, 1095–1103.
- , , & (2005). Ecosystem recovery after climatic extremes enhanced by genotypic diversity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 2826–2831.
- , , , , , et al. (2005). Virulence and competitive ability in genetically diverse malaria infections. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 7624–7628.
- & (1999). Jensen’s inequality predicts effects of environmental variation. Trends Ecol. Evol., 14, 361–366.
- (1979). A comment on the use of the term ‘emergent properties’. Am. Nat., 113, 145–151.
- & (2001). Perspective: evolution of flower color in the desert annual Linanthus parryae: Wright revisited. Evolution, 55, 1269–1282.
- (1994). Effects of genetic diversity in experimental stands of Solidago altissima - Evidence for the potential role of pathogens as selective agents in plant populations. Journal of Ecology, 82, 165–175.
- & (1986). Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. IV. Effect of neighbor relatedness and aphid infestation on seedling performance. Evolution, 40, 830–836.
- , , & (2005). Nonadditive effects of mixing cottonwood genotypes on litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics. Ecology, 86, 2834–2840.
- , , , & (2006). Community heritability measures the evolutionary consequences of indirect genetic effects on community structure. Evolution, 60, 991–1003.
- & (1996). Varietal mixtures: a viable strategy for sustainable productivity in subsistence agriculture. Ann. Appl. Biol., 128, 127–158.
- & (2006). Species diversity, invasion success and ecosystem functioning: combining experimental and observational approaches to assess the roles of resource competition, facilitation and extrinsic factors. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 311, 251–262.
- (2003). Genetic diversity within honeybee colonies prevents severe infections and promotes colony growth. Proc. Roy. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 270, 99–103.
- (1999). The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: a search for general principles. Ecology, 80, 1455–1474.
- , & (1997). Plant diversity and ecosystem productivity: theoretical considerations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 1857–1861.
- & (2006). Community structure of canopy arthropods associated to Quercus crassifola×Quercus crassipes complex. Oikos, 112, 370–381.
- (2004). Scents of self: the expression component of self/non-self recognition systems. Ann. Zool. Fenn., 41, 713–727.
- , & (2003). Genetic diversity, asymmetrical aggression, and recognition in a widespread invasive species. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 1078–1083.
- & (1979). The growth, distribution, and neighbor relationships of Trifolium repens in a permanent pasture. II. Inter- and intra-specific contact. J. Ecol., 67, 219–230.
- (2004). Variance and skew of the distribution of plant quality influence herbivore population dynamics. Ecology, 85, 686–693.
- (2006). The consequences of genetic diversity in competitive communities. Ecology, 87, 304–311.
- & (2005). Connections between species diversity and genetic diversity. Ecol. Lett., 8, 767–781.
- (2007). The co-evolutionary genetics of ecological communities. Nat. Rev. Genet., 8, 185–195.
- (1975). On the number of segregating sites in genetical models without recombination. Theor. Popul. Biol., 7, 256–276.
- (1996). Genetic Data Analysis II: Methods for Discrete Population Genetic Data. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA.
- , , & (2003). Genetic diversity and invasibility: a test using a model system with a novel experimental design. Oikos, 103, 505–518.
- , , , , , et al. (2003). Community and ecosystem genetics: a consequence of the extended phenotype. Ecology, 84, 559–573.
- , , , , , et al. (2006). A framework for community and ecosystem genetics: from genes to ecosystems. Nat. Rev. Genet., 7, 510–523.
- , , & (2007). The role of genotypic diversity in determining grassland community structure under constant environmental conditions. J. Ecol., 95, 895–907.
- , , , , & (2004). Conserving plant genetic diversity for dependent animal communities. Ecol. Lett., 7, 776–780.
- (1985). The Current Status and Prospects of Multiline Cultivars and Variety Mixtures for Disease Resistance. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto.
- (1920). The relative importance of heredity and environment in determining piebald pattern of guinea-pigs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 6, 320–332.
- (1968). Evolution and the Genetics of Populations. Chicago Press, Chicago.
- , , , & (2003). Rapid evolution drives ecological dynamics in a predator–prey system. Nature, 424, 303–306.
- , , , , & (2007). Cryptic population dynamics: rapid evolution masks trophic interactions. PLoS Biol., 5, 1868–1879.
- , , , , , et al. (2000). Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature, 406, 718–722.