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Developing a valid and reliable self-efficacy in clinical performance scale
Article first published online: 13 MAY 2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00685.x
© 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 International Council of Nurses
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How to Cite
Cheraghi, F., Hassani, P., Yaghmaei, F. and Alavi-Majed, H. (2009), Developing a valid and reliable self-efficacy in clinical performance scale. International Nursing Review, 56: 214–221. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00685.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 13 MAY 2009
- Article first published online: 13 MAY 2009
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Keywords:
- Clinical Performance;
- Instrument Development;
- Iran;
- Nursing Student;
- Reliability;
- Self-Efficacy;
- Validity
Aim: This paper describes the development and testing of the Self-Efficacy in Clinical Performance (SECP) instrument for nursing students.
Background: Accurate measurement of self-efficacy can be used to predict nursing students' clinical performance. The literature review indicated there is no existing self-efficacy in clinical performance instrument for Iranian nursing students.
Methods: To clarify the concept of self-efficacy in clinical performance, 28 semi-structured interviews and three focus groups were conducted. A self-efficacy framework with well-developed theoretical constructs was formed. A review of literature and content analysis of the interview transcripts identified subscales and items to be included in the instrument. Then, a methodological design was used. The SECP was developed into 69 Likert-format items, which were evaluated by 20 nursing experts in the form of content validity index. The scale's validity and reliability were tested in a randomized sample of 207 final year nursing students.
Findings: The final scale consists of four dimensions with 37 items. The overall scale internal reliability had α = 0.96; the dimensions Cronbach's α ranged from 0.90 to 0.92. Test–retest reliability with a 2-week time interval was: r = 0.94. In addition, concurrent validity was obtained (r = 0.73, P = 0.01).
Conclusions: The SECP has demonstrated evidence of content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency reliability and stability. Statistical analysis provided an objective tool for assessing nursing students' self-efficacy in clinical performance. It may have been fruitful to further test the instrument with students from other years of their education.