with Nancy R. Howell, “Embodied Transcendence: Bonobos and Humans in Community”; and Oliver Putz, “Moral Apes, Human Uniqueness, and the Image of God”
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EMBODIED TRANSCENDENCE: BONOBOS AND HUMANS IN COMMUNITY
Article first published online: 21 AUG 2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2009.01018.x
© 2009 by the Joint Publication Board of Zygon
Additional Information
How to Cite
Howell, N. R. (2009), EMBODIED TRANSCENDENCE: BONOBOS AND HUMANS IN COMMUNITY. Zygon, 44: 601–612. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2009.01018.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 21 AUG 2009
- Article first published online: 21 AUG 2009
- Abstract
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- bonobo;
- immanence;
- language acquisition;
- panentheism;
- process thought;
- social organization;
- transcendence
Abstract.
Multiple dimensions and textures of transcendence are evoked not just by reflection on humans in their relationship with God and community but also by encounter with bonobos—primates that are very close genetic kin with humans. The promise for theological reflection is rooted in bonobo social adaptation as a highly cooperative species. Bonobo sexual behavior accompanies and expresses a high level of social intelligence. The point of my project is not a scientific one intended to argue persuasively for individual self-awareness or self-transcendence in bonobos. Instead, it emphasizes connectedness, interdependence, and sociality as windows on transcendence. Such a view does not require consciousness or intellectual recognition of self-in-relation, but it certainly presumes embodiment of self-in-relation. Various textures of transcendence reflect multidirectional relationships among Pan paniscus (bonobos), Homo sapiens, and the Sacred.