The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the IJURR referees. All errors remain the author's. Some elements of this discussion draw on analysis in Graham (2010).
When Life Itself is War: On the Urbanization of Military and Security Doctrine
Article first published online: 23 FEB 2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01026.x
© 2011 The Author. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research © 2011 Urban Research Publications Limited
Issue

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
Volume 36, Issue 1, pages 136–155, January 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
GRAHAM, S. (2012), When Life Itself is War: On the Urbanization of Military and Security Doctrine. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36: 136–155. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01026.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 22 DEC 2011
- Article first published online: 23 FEB 2011
- Abstract
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Keywords:
- Militarization;
- war;
- new military urbanism;
- security;
- New York;
- London;
- Baghdad;
- Gaza
Abstract
It is now well established that both the ‘war on terror’ and its offshoots have been conspicuously marked by overwhelmingly urban discourses, materialities and practices. Deliberately transdisciplinary, synthetical and polemical in scope, this article seeks to demonstrate that new ideologies of permanent and boundless war are radically intensifying the militarization of urban life in the contemporary period. The article delineates the ways in which contemporary processes of militarization — which surround what I label the ‘new military urbanism’— raise fundamental questions for critical urban scholarship because of the ways in which they work to normalize the permanent targeting of everyday urban sites, circulations and populations. Focusing primarily on US security and military doctrine, culture and technology, this article explores the new military urbanism's five interrelated foundations in detail, namely: the urbanization of military and security doctrine; the links between militarized control technologies and digitized urban life; the cultural performances of militarized media consumption; the emerging urban political economies of the ‘security’ industries; and the new state spaces of violence. Following the elaboration of each of these themes, the article concludes by identifying ways forward for critical urban research in exposing and confronting the normalization of the new military urbanism.
Résumé
Il est désormais établi que la ‘guerre contre le terrorisme’ et ses ramifications ont été visiblement marquées par une vague de pratiques, de productions matérielles et de discours urbains. D’une portée délibérément transdisciplinaire, synthétique et polémique, cet article montre que les nouvelles idéologies de guerre permanente sans frontières renforcent profondément la militarisation de la vie urbaine contemporaine. Les processus de militarisation contemporains (entourant ce qui est baptisé ici ‘le nouvel urbanisme militaire’) soulèvent des questions fondamentales pour la recherche urbaine critique, du fait qu’ils contribuent à normaliser la prise pour cible des populations, flux et sites urbains ordinaires. S’attachant surtout à la doctrine, la culture et la technologie militaires et sécuritaires américaines, une analyse détaille les cinq fondements en interrelation de ce nouvel urbanisme militaire: l’urbanisation de la doctrine militaro-sécuritaire; les liens entre technologies de contrôle militarisées et vie urbaine numérisée; les spectacles culturels consommés via les médias militarisés; les économies politiques urbaines naissantes des ‘industries de la sécurité’; les nouveaux espaces de violence nationaux. Une fois ces différents thèmes développés, la conclusion vient proposer des axes d’études urbaines critiques à travers l’exposé et la remise en cause de la normalisation propre au nouvel urbanisme militaire.

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