Perinatal, maternal, and fetal characteristics of children diagnosed with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder: results from a population-based study utilizing the Swedish Medical Birth Register

  1. PEIK GUSTAFSSON1,
  2. KARIN KÄLLÉN2

Article first published online: 21 OCT 2010

DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03820.x

Issue

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology

Volume 53, Issue 3, pages 263–268, March 2011

Additional Information

How to Cite

GUSTAFSSON, P. and KÄLLÉN, K. (2011), Perinatal, maternal, and fetal characteristics of children diagnosed with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder: results from a population-based study utilizing the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 53: 263–268. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03820.x

Author Information

  1. 1

     Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

  2. 2

     The Tornblad Institute of Reproductive Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

*Dr Peik Gustafsson at Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sofiavägen 2d, 222 41 Lund, Sweden. E-mail: Peik.Gustafsson@med.lu.se

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 3 FEB 2011
  2. Article first published online: 21 OCT 2010
  3. PUBLICATION DATA Accepted for publication 19th August 2010. Published online 21st October 2010.

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Aim  The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre- and perinatal factors on the risk of developing attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method  We investigated the medical history of 237 children (206 male; 31 female) from Malmö, Sweden born between 1986 and 1996 and in whom a diagnosis of ADHD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IIIR or IV) was subsequently made at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, and a reference group of 31 775 typically developing children from Malmö using data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register.

Results  The results of multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ADHD was significantly associated with a young maternal age (odds ratio [OR] for 5y increase 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76–0.99), maternal smoking (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.14–1.60), maternal birthplace in Sweden (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.45–2.94), and preterm birth <32 weeks (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.39–6.71), and a male predominance (OR 6.38; 95% CI 4.37–9.32). Apgar scores at 5 minutes below 7 were significantly associated with ADHD in the univariable analysis (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.15–5.90). The population-attributable fraction of ADHD caused by the perinatal factors studied was estimated to be 2.8%.

Interpretation  The results indicate that the studied factors constitute weak risk factors for developing ADHD.

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