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Summary. The effect on fetal breathing movements (FBM) of maternal breathing of 50% oxygen was examined. The procedure caused a two-fold rise in maternal arterial Po2 and did not alter FBM in normal pregnancy. In pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) a substantial increase in the incidence of FBM was recorded during hyperoxia (control 29.8.3.9%, hyperoxia 68.2+3.6). No such change was observed in pregnancies where IUGR was suspected but not proven at delivery.