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A newly developed enzyme immunoassay technique was alied to the measurement of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PA-A) in the serum of women in the proliferative and luteal phases of the cycle, in hysterectomized and postmenopausal women and in the serum and seminal plasma of males. PA-A was detected in some individuals in all the categories of women and in seminal plasma but not in male serum. It is surmised that there must be a source of PA-A other than the placenta and that PA-A may be a maternal protein whose biosynthesis is stimulated by pregnancy rather than a product peculiar to the trophoblast.