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Summary. Specific binding of both [3H]retinol and [3H]retinoic acid was observed in the cytosol fraction from term placentas and specific binding of [3H]retinol but not [3H] retinoic acid was detected in the cytosol fraction from placentas of 8–12 week pregnancies. The elution volume of the bound radioactivity on Sephadex G-100 column chromatography was within the range expected for proteins of molecular weight 14500, in agreement with the results of others for cellular retinol-and retinoic acid-binding proteins from other tissues. The role of these proteins in mediating the effects of vitamin A on growth and differentiation of the placenta and fetus has yet to be determined.