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Myo-inositol, glucose and zinc status as risk factors for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in offspring: a case–control study

  1. Ingrid P.C. Krapels1,2,
  2. Iris A.L.M. van Rooij1,
  3. Ron A. Wevers3,
  4. Gerhard A. Zielhuis1,
  5. Paul H.M. Spauwen4,
  6. Wim Brussel5,
  7. Régine P.M. Steegers-Theunissen1,6

Article first published online: 26 APR 2004

DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00171.x

Issue

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Volume 111, Issue 7, pages 661–668, July 2004

Additional Information

How to Cite

Krapels, I. P.C., van Rooij, I. A.L.M., Wevers, R. A., Zielhuis, G. A., Spauwen, P. H.M., Brussel, W. and Steegers-Theunissen, R. P.M. (2004), Myo-inositol, glucose and zinc status as risk factors for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in offspring: a case–control study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 111: 661–668. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00171.x

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands

  2. 2

    Department of Oral Biology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands

  3. 3

    Laboratory of Neurology and Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands

  4. 4

    Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands

  5. 5

    Department of Paediatrics, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, The Netherlands

  6. 6

    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

*Correspondence: Associate Professor R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 26 APR 2004
  2. Article first published online: 26 APR 2004

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Objective  To investigate myo-inositol, glucose and zinc status in mothers and their infants on cleft lip with or without cleft palate risk (CLP).

Design  Case–control study.

Setting  University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Population  Eighty-four mothers and their CLP child and 102 mothers and their healthy child.

Methods  Venous blood samples were obtained to determine serum myo-inositol and glucose and red blood cell zinc concentrations in mothers and children. Geometric means were calculated and compared between the groups. The blood parameters were dichotomised with cutoff points based on control values, <P10 for myo-inositol and zinc concentrations and >P90 for glucose concentrations.

Main outcome measures  Geometric means (P5–P95) and odds ratios (95% confidence intervals).

Results  The CLP children (P= 0.003) and their mothers (P= 0.02) had significantly lower red blood cell zinc concentrations than controls. A low maternal serum myo-inositol concentration (<13.5 μmol/L) and a low red blood cell zinc concentration (<189 μmol/L) increased CLP risk [odds ratio 3.0 (95% CI 1.2–7.4) and 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–4.8), respectively]. Children with low myo-inositol (<21.5 μmol/L ) or low red blood cell zinc concentrations (<118 μmol/L) were more likely to have CLP [odds ratio 3.4 (95% CI 1.3–8.6) and 3.3 (95% CI 1.3–8.0), respectively]. Glucose was not a risk factor for CLP in mothers and children. Maternal and child myo-inositol as well as zinc concentrations were slightly, albeit significantly correlated, rPearson= 0.33 (P= 0.0006) and rPearson= 0.23 (P= 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion  This study demonstrates for the first time that zinc and myo-inositol are important in the aetiology of CLP.

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