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Systematic review
Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester: a systematic review
Article first published online: 26 NOV 2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02427.x
© 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Issue
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Volume 117, Issue 3, pages 245–257, February 2010
Additional Information
How to Cite
Saraswat, L., Bhattacharya, S., Maheshwari, A. and Bhattacharya, S. (2010), Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester: a systematic review. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 117: 245–257. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02427.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 12 JAN 2010
- Article first published online: 26 NOV 2009
- Accepted 24 September 2009. Published Online 26 November 2009.
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- First-trimester bleeding;
- maternal outcome;
- perinatal outcome
Please cite this paper as: Saraswat L, Bhattacharya S, Maheshwari A, Bhattacharya S. Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester: a systematic review. BJOG 2010;117:245–257.
Background Threatened miscarriage is a common complication in the first trimester of pregnancy and is often associated with anxiety regarding pregnancy outcome.
Objective We undertook a systematic review to explore the effects of threatened miscarriage in the first trimester on maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Search strategy An electronic literature search using MEDLINE and EMBASE, and bibliographies of retrieved primary articles. No language restrictions were applied.
Selection criteria All studies analysing outcomes of first-trimester bleeding where viability was confirmed on ultrasound or the pregnancy continued beyond viability.
Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected studies and extracted data on study characteristics, quality and accuracy. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software
Main outcome measures The outcome was broadly categorised into maternal and perinatal outcomes. The chief maternal outcomes included pre-eclampsia/eclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) and mode of delivery. The perinatal outcomes evaluated were preterm delivery, low birthweight, intrauterine growth restriction, perinatal mortality, indicators of perinatal morbidity (Apgar scores and neonatal unit admission) and presence of congenital anomalies.
Main results Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Women with threatened miscarriage had a significantly higher incidence of antepartum haemorrhage due to placenta praevia [odds ratio (OR) 1.62, 95% CI 1.19, 2.22] or antepartum haemorrhage of unknown origin (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.52, 4.02) when compared with those without first-trimester bleeding. They were more likely to experience PPROM (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.28, 2.48), preterm delivery (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.76, 2.4) and to have babies with intrauterine growth restriction (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.18, 2.00). First-trimester bleeding was associated with significantly higher rates of perinatal mortality (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.41, 3.27) and low-birthweight babies (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.48, 2.28).
Authors’ conclusions Threatened miscarriage in the first trimester is associated with increased incidence of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome.