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Abstract

Middle class Protestants and Catholics constituted the largest single constituency in the Third Reich, inclusive of Austria. Yet few historians in recent years have examined the role of bourgeois resistance. Rather, contemporary scholarship tends to emphasize the willingness of the German middle classes to accommodate National Socialism (Anpassung), focusing almost exclusively on working class, women's and minority opposition (Resistenz or Verweigerung). The purpose of this article is to offer some fruitful lines of inquiry that might help us to reassess the role of the German and Austrian middle classes in resisting the Third Reich.