These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Original Research – Basic Science
Diabetes-impaired wound healing and altered macrophage activation: A possible pathophysiologic correlation
Article first published online: 1 MAR 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2012.00772.x
© 2012 by the Wound Healing Society
Additional Information
How to Cite
Miao, M., Niu, Y., Xie, T., Yuan, B., Qing, C. and Lu, S. (2012), Diabetes-impaired wound healing and altered macrophage activation: A possible pathophysiologic correlation. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 20: 203–213. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2012.00772.x
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 1 MAR 2012
- Article first published online: 1 MAR 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: 28 DEC 2011
- Manuscript Received: 6 MAY 2011
Funded by
- National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Numbers: 30570705, 30600645, 81071568
- Doctorate Innovation Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Grant Number: BXJ201016
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in wound healing and can be activated to two distinctive phenotypes in vitro: classical macrophage activation (caM) and alternative macrophage activation (aaM). This study investigated whether the impaired cutaneous repair observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was associated with altered macrophage activation. Our results show that macrophage activation phenotypes could be observed in wound healing through double immunostaining. The caM macrophages appeared in the initial stage of wound healing, followed by aaM macrophages, which predominated in normal wounds. However, through examining markers associated with activation by immunoblotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), diabetic wounds demonstrated insufficient caM in the early stage but excessive aaM in the later proliferative phase. Moreover, the macrophage activation markers were correlated with the instructive T helper cell type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokines in both groups. It was indicated that changed macrophage activation might contribute to impaired healing in diabetes wounds, and that strategies for reverting this abnormal activation could be useful for enhancing the wound healing process.