AN UNRECOGNIZED ANCIENT LINEAGE OF GREEN PLANTS PERSISTS IN DEEP MARINE WATERS†

  1. Frederick W. Zechman1,‡,§,
  2. Heroen Verbruggen2,§,
  3. Frederik Leliaert2,
  4. Matt Ashworth3,
  5. Mark A. Buchheim4,
  6. Marvin W. Fawley5,
  7. Heather Spalding6,
  8. Curt M. Pueschel7,
  9. Julie A. Buchheim8,
  10. Bindhu Verghese8,
  11. M. Dennis Hanisak9

Article first published online: 27 SEP 2010

DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00900.x

Issue

Journal of Phycology

Journal of Phycology

Volume 46, Issue 6, pages 1288–1295, December 2010

Additional Information

How to Cite

Zechman, F. W., Verbruggen, H., Leliaert, F., Ashworth, M., Buchheim, M. A., Fawley, M. W., Spalding, H., Pueschel, C. M., Buchheim, J. A., Verghese, B. and Hanisak, M. D. (2010), AN UNRECOGNIZED ANCIENT LINEAGE OF GREEN PLANTS PERSISTS IN DEEP MARINE WATERS. Journal of Phycology, 46: 1288–1295. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00900.x

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, 2555 East San Ramon Ave, Fresno, California 93740, USA

  2. 2

    Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

  3. 3

    University Station MS A6700, 311 Biological Laboratories, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA

  4. 4

    Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA

  5. 5

    School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, Arkansas 71656, USA Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA

  6. 6

    Botany Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA

  7. 7

    Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13901, USA

  8. 8

    Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA

  9. 9

    Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA

  1. ‡

    Author for correspondence: e-mail zechman@csufresno.edu.

  2. §

    These authors contributed equally to this work.

  1. †

    Received 11 January 2010. Accepted 30 June 2010.

  2. ‡

    Author for correspondence: e-mail zechman@csufresno.edu.

  3. §

    These authors contributed equally to this work.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 1 DEC 2010
  2. Article first published online: 27 SEP 2010

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Keywords:

  • Chlorophyta;
  • green algae;
  • molecular phylogenetics;
  • Palmophyllaceae fam. nov.;
  • Palmophyllales ord. nov.;
  • Palmophyllum;
  • Prasinophyceae;
  • Verdigellas;
  • Viridiplantae

We provide molecular phylogenetic evidence that the obscure genera Palmophyllum Kütz. and Verdigellas D. L. Ballant. et J. N. Norris form a distinct and early diverging lineage of green algae. These palmelloid seaweeds generally persist in deep waters, where grazing pressure and competition for space are reduced. Their distinctness warrants recognition as a new order, the Palmophyllales. Although phylogenetic analyses of both the 18S rRNA gene and two chloroplast genes (atpB and rbcL) are in agreement with a deep-branching Palmophyllales, the genes are in conflict about its exact phylogenetic placement. Analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA allies the Palmophyllales with the prasinophyte genera Prasinococcus and Prasinoderma (Prasinococcales), while the plastid gene phylogeny placed Palmophyllum and Verdigellas as sister clade to all other Chlorophyta.

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