This research was supported by USPHS grant AA-12882 and by funds from the Minnie and Bernard Lane Foundation.
You have free access to this content
Effect of Ethanol on Hypothalamic Opioid Peptides, Enkephalin, and Dynorphin: Relationship With Circulating Triglycerides
Article first published online: 18 JAN 2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00312.x
Issue

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Volume 31, Issue 2, pages 249–259, February 2007
Additional Information
How to Cite
Chang, G.-Q., Karatayev, O., Ahsan, R., Avena, N. M., Lee, C., Lewis, M. J., Hoebel, B. G. and Leibowitz, S. F. (2007), Effect of Ethanol on Hypothalamic Opioid Peptides, Enkephalin, and Dynorphin: Relationship With Circulating Triglycerides. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31: 249–259. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00312.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 18 JAN 2007
- Article first published online: 18 JAN 2007
- Received for publication February 17, 2006; accepted October 27, 2006.
REFERENCES
- , , , , (1994) Galanin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus: a neurochemical marker for fat ingestion and body weight gain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:10375–10379.
- , , (1993) Alteration in 5′-nucleotidase activities and composition of liver and brain microsomes of developing rats fed different dietary fats. Biochem Mol Biol Int 30:1115–1125.
- , , , , , , (2005) Hypothalamic energy balance gene responses in the Sprague–Dawley rat to supplementation of high-energy diet with liquid ensure and subsequent transfer to chow. J Neuroendocrinol 17:711–719.
- , , (1991) Ingestive behavior following central [d-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6]-enkephalin (DALCE), a short-acting agonist and long-acting antagonist at the delta opioid receptor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 39:429–436.
- , , (1986) Role of cholecystokinin and opioid peptides in control of food intake. Physiol Rev 66:172–234.
- , (1998) Alcohol and lipids. Recent Dev Alcohol 14:97–134.
- , , (1996) Opioid receptor subtype control of galanin-induced feeding. Peptides 17:237–240.
- , , , , , , , , , , , (2006) Association of galanin haplotypes with alcoholism and anxiety in two ethnically distinct populations. Mol Psychiatry 11:301–311.
- , , , (2004) A high-fat meal or injection of lipids stimulates ethanol intake. Alcohol 34:197–202.
- , , , (2004) Circulating triglycerides impact on orexigenic peptides and neuronal activity in hypothalamus. Endocrinology 145:3904–3912.
- , , , , , , , , , , , (2001) Orexin (hypocretin) neurons contain dynorphin. J Neurosci 21:RC168.
- , , , , , , , (1989) Short-term effects of moderate alcohol consumption on lipid metabolism and energy balance in normal men. Metabolism 38:166–171.
- , , (1993) Galanin antagonists block galanin-induced feeding in the hypothalamus and amygdala of the rat. Eur J Neurosci 5:1528–1533.
- , (1999) The role of opioid-dopamine interactions in the induction and maintenance of ethanol consumption. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 23:1171–1212.
- , (2001) Alterations in central preproenkephalin mRNA expression after chronic free-choice ethanol consumption by fawn-hooded rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25:1126–1133.
- , , , , , , (2003) Effects of intracerebroventricular ethanol on ingestive behavior and induction of c-Fos immunoreactivity in selected brain regions. Physiol Behav 79:113–120.
- , , , , (2000) Acute ethanol administration induces changes in TRH and proenkephalin expression in hypothalamic and limbic regions of rat brain. Neurochem Int 37:483–496.
- , (1993) Linoleic acid controls neonatal tissue-specific stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA levels. Biochim Biophys Acta 1170:291–295.
- , , , , , , , , , (2004) Dopamine and drug addiction: the nucleus accumbens shell connection. Neuropharmacology 1:227–241.
- , , , , (1994) Naloxone reduces the feeding evoked by intracerebroventricular galanin injection. Physiol Behav 56:811–813.
- (1998) Dietary influences on alcohol intake: a review. J Stud Alcohol 59:26–31.
- , , (1999) Role of lipid type on morphine-stimulated diet selection in rats. Am J Physiol 277:R1345–R1350.
- , , (2002) Alcohol consumption, the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in 58-year-old clinically healthy men (AIR study). Clin Sci 102:345–352.
- , , , , (1987) Localization of preproenkephalin mRNA in the rat brain and spinal cord by in situ hybridization. J Comp Neurol 258:159–184.
- , , , (1988) Dietary behavior of French men according to alcohol drinking pattern. J Stud Alcohol 49:268–272.
- , , , , , (1986) Consumption of ethanol solution is potentiated by morphine and attenuated by naloxone persistently across repeated daily administrations. Alcohol 3:39–54.
- , (1999) Comparison of the proopiomelanocortin and proenkephalin opioid peptide systems in brain regions of the alcohol-preferring C57BL/6 and alcohol-avoiding DBA/2 mice. Alcohol 18:177–187.
- , (1996) Nutritional infertility: the role of the interconnected hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-galanin-opioid network. Front Neuroendocrinol 17:371–401.
- , , , , , (2002) Opioid modulation of taste hedonics within the ventral striatum. Physiol Behav 76:365–377.
- , , , , , , (2001) Leptin: a modulator of alcohol craving? Biol Psychiatry 49:782–787.
- , , , , , , (2002) Alcohol intake and fasting insulin in French men and women. The D.E.S.I.R. Study Diabetes Metab 28:116–123.
- , , , , , , , , (2005) Decreased oral self-administration of alcohol in kappa-opioid receptor knock-out mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:730–738.
- , (1991) Fat-preferring rats consume more alcohol than carbohydrate-preferring rats. Alcohol 8:313–316.
- , , (1986) Galanin: stimulation of feeding induced by medial hypothalamic injection of this novel peptide. Eur J Pharmacol 122:159–160.
- , , , (2004) Site of action of acute alcohol administration in stimulating the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: comparison between the effect of systemic and intracerebroventricular injection of this drug on pituitary and hypothalamic responses. Endocrinology 145:4470–4479.
- (2000) Macronutrients and brain peptides: what they do and how they respond, in Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake (BerthoudHR, SeeleyRJ eds), pp 389–406. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- (2005) Regulation and effects of hypothalamic galanin: relation to dietary fat, alcohol ingestion, circulating lipids and energy homeostasis. Neuropeptides 39:327–332.
- , , (1998) Obesity on a high-fat diet: role of hypothalamic galanin in neurons of the anterior paraventricular nucleus projecting to the median eminence. J Neurosci 1998 18:2709–2719.
- , , , , , (2003) Ethanol intake increases galanin mRNA in the hypothalamus and withdrawal decreases it. Physiol Behav 79:103–111.
- , , , , , , (2004a) Acute high-fat diet paradigms link galanin to triglycerides and their transport and metabolism in muscle. Brain Res 1008:168–178.
- , (2004b) Behavioral neuroscience and obesity, in Handbook of Obesity. Etiology and Pathophysiology (BrayGA, BouchardC eds), pp. 301–371. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York.
- , (2004c) Hypothalamic control of energy balance: different peptides, different functions. Peptides 25: 473–504.
- , (2002) Defense of body weight depends on dietary composition and palatability in rats with diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 282:R46–R54.
- , , , , (2004) Galanin microinjection in the third ventricle increases voluntary ethanol intake. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 28:1822–1828.
- , , (1998) Enhanced sensitivity of the nucleus accumbens proenkephalin system to alcohol in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference. Brain Res 794:35–47.
- , , , (2000) Repeated ethanol administration induces short- and long-term changes in enkephalin and dynorphin tissue concentrations in rat brain. Alcohol 22:165–171.
- , , , (1998) Effects of adrenal steroids on basal ganglia neuropeptide mRNA and tyrosine hydroxylase radioimmunoreactive levels in the adrenalectomized rat. J Neurochem 71:833–843.
- , , , (1982) Different sensitivities to ethanol in alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 16:125–130.
- , , , (2005) A microdialysis profile of Met-enkephalin release in the rat nucleus accumbens following alcohol administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:1821–1828.
- , (1983) Feeding induced by opiates injected into the paraventricular hypothalamus. Peptides 4:287–292.
- , , (1993) Anatomy and physiology of central galanin-containing pathways. Prog Neurobiol 40:711–769.
- , , (2002) Lipoprotein lipase: genetics, lipid uptake, and regulation. J Lipid Res 43:1997–2006.
- (1989) Enkephalins, their constituents and voluntary drinking of ethanol by the rat. Physiol Behav 46:29–33.
- , , (1994) Brain ethanol in AA, ANA, and Wistar rats monitored with one-minute microdialysis. Alcohol 11:315–321.
- , , , (1975) Effect of free fatty acid on the rat lateral hypothalamic neurons. Physiol Behav 14:483–486.
- , (2004) Opioids and alcoholism. Physiol Behav 81:339–358.
- , (1986) The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. 2nd ed. Academic Press, Sydney.
- , (1989) Acute and chronic ethanol treatment on beta-endorphin and catecholamine levels. Alcohol 6:59–63.
- , , (1978) Dietarily-induced changes in voluntary ethanol consumption and ethanol metabolism in the rat. Br J Nutr 40:103–113.
- , , , (1991) Dopamine microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens during acute and chronic morphine, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal and clonidine treatment. Brain Res 566:348–350.
- , (1991) The effect of single and repeated ethanol administration of hypothalamic opioid systems activity-an in vitro release study. Drug Alcohol Depend 27:63–67.
- , , , (2004) Ethanol intake is increased by PVN galanin injection and reduced by a GAL antagonist. Alcohol 33:91–97.
- , , (1998) Galanin in the hypothalamus raises dopamine and lowers acetylcholine release in the nucleus accumbens: a possible mechanism for hypothalamic initiation of feeding behavior. Brain Res 798:1–6.
- , , , , , , (2004) Chronic restraint stress up-regulates GLT-1 mRNA and protein expression in the rat hippocampus: reversal by tianeptine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:2179–2184.
- , , , (1980) Acute and chronic ethanol treatment changes endorphin levels in brain and pituitary. Psychopharmacology 68:221–227.
- , , , , (2000) Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature 404: 661–671.
- , , , , (1983) Differential effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatment on particular opioid peptide systems in discrete regions of rat brain and pituitary. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 18:361–369.
- , , , (1998) VLDL-triglyceride production after alcohol ingestion, studied using [2-13C1] glycerol. J Lipid Res 39:2319–2328.
- , , , , , , , (1998) The determinants of fat intake in a multi-ethnic New Zealand population. Fletcher challenge-University of Auckland heart and health study management committee. Int J Epidemiol 27:416–421.
- , (2001) Endogenous opiates: 2000. Peptides 22:2257–2328.
- , , , , (1996) Palatability-induced hyperphagia increases hypothalamic Dynorphin peptide and mRNA levels. Brain Res 721:126–131.
- , , , , , (2005) PVN galanin increases fat storage and promotes obesity by causing muscle to utilize carbohydrate more than fat. Peptides 26:2265–2273.
- , , (1983) Dietary choices and likelihood of abstinence among alcoholic patients in an outpatient clinic. Drug Alcohol Depend 12:355–362.
- , , (1998) Intake of high-fat food is selectively enhanced by mu opioid receptor stimulation within the nucleus accumbens. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285:908–914.

1530-0277/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=2e5fd2ba9d30fe020968aa2d45502ae2c30e70f4)
1530-0277/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=c16273570372799a0e98ebc8a00aae11b61ab296)