Self-Reported Sleep and Nap Habits and Risk of Mortality in a Large Cohort of Older Women

  1. Katie L. Stone PhD,
  2. Susan K. Ewing MS,
  3. Sonia Ancoli-Israel PhD,
  4. Kristine E. Ensrud MD,
  5. Susan Redline MD,
  6. Douglas C. Bauer MD,
  7. Jane A. Cauley DrPH,
  8. Teresa A. Hillier MD,
  9. Steven R. Cummings MD

Article first published online: 10 FEB 2009

DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02171.x

Issue

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volume 57, Issue 4, pages 604–611, April 2009

Additional Information

How to Cite

Stone, K. L., Ewing, S. K., Ancoli-Israel, S., Ensrud, K. E., Redline, S., Bauer, D. C., Cauley, J. A., Hillier, T. A. and Cummings, S. R. (2009), Self-Reported Sleep and Nap Habits and Risk of Mortality in a Large Cohort of Older Women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57: 604–611. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02171.x

Author Information

  1. From the *Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California†Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California‡Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California§Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota∥Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota#Center for Clinical Investigation and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio**Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California††Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and ‡‡Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon.

*Address correspondence to Katie L. Stone, San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 185 Berry Street, Lobby 5, 5th floor, Suite 5700, San Francisco, CA 94107. E-mail: kstone@sfcc-cpmc.net

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 2 APR 2009
  2. Article first published online: 10 FEB 2009

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Keywords:

  • naps;
  • sleep duration;
  • mortality;
  • aging

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between self-reported sleep and nap habits and mortality in a large cohort of older women.

DESIGN: Study of Osteoporotic Fractures prospective cohort study.

SETTING: Four communities within the United States.

PARTICIPANTS: Eight thousand one hundred one Caucasian women aged 69 and older (mean age 77.0).

MEASUREMENTS: Sleep and nap habits were assessed using a questionnaire at the fourth clinic visit (1993/94). Deaths during 7 years of follow-up were confirmed with death certificates. Underlying cause of death was assigned according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.

RESULTS: In multivariate models, women who reported napping daily were 44% more likely to die from any cause (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.23–1.67), 58% more likely to die from cardiovascular causes (95% CI=1.25–2.00), and 59% more likely to die from noncardiovascular noncancer causes (95% CI=1.24–2.03) than women who did not nap daily. This relationship remained significant in relatively healthy women (those who reported no comorbidities). Women who slept 9 to 10 hours per 24 hours were at greater risk of death from cardiovascular and other (noncardiovascular, noncancer) causes than those who reported sleeping 8 to 9 hours.

CONCLUSION: Older women who reported napping daily or sleeping at least 9 hours per 24 hours are at greater risk of death from all causes except cancer. Future research could determine whether specific sleep disorders contribute to these relationships.

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